進化上高度保守的Wnt/Wingless信號通路在動物的器官發(fā)育,、能量代謝和干細胞維持等過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,并與多種疾病的發(fā)生有密切聯(lián)系,。然而,,迄今為止,人們對于該通路的信號轉導機制還缺少充分的認識,。為了探明其中未知的調控機制,,中科院上海生命科學研究院營養(yǎng)科學研究所宋海云研究組與瑞士蘇黎世大學Basler研究組通過聯(lián)合研究,利用轉基因果蠅庫進行遺傳學篩選,,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了Wnt/Wingless信號通路的新調節(jié)因子并揭示了其中的調控機理,。該研究成果Systematic screening of a Drosophila ORF library in vivo uncovers Wnt/Wg pathway components近日在線發(fā)表于國際學術期刊Developmental Cell。
果蠅由于其豐富的遺傳操縱手段和短暫的生命周期,,經(jīng)常被用作篩選新基因的體內模型,。然而,目前流行的RNAi篩選常會遇上以下困難:不能發(fā)現(xiàn)功能冗余基因,;敲低基因功能的效率不一,;脫靶(off-target)影響其它基因功能。針對這些問題,,Basler研究組挑選了與細胞生長相關的基因,,逐一克隆和制備轉基因過表達果蠅,并用于篩選Wnt/Wingless信號通路中新的調控基因,。
在初步篩選的基礎上,宋海云研究組對發(fā)現(xiàn)的候選基因進行了驗證,,確定了三個新調節(jié)因子,。博士生黃大舜和尹定子對其中一個調節(jié)因子Nek2的調控機理進行了深入研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)Nek2通過磷酸化修飾關鍵蛋白Dishevelled影響信號的傳遞,。有趣的是,,Nek2對Dishevelled的磷酸化有雙重作用:對其N端的修飾能增強Dishevelled活性和促進信號傳遞;在信號強度超過一定閾值后通過對其C端的多重磷酸化介導Dishevelled的降解和抑制信號通路的過度激活,。通過這種雙重調控,,既能在信號通路開啟時快速傳遞信號,又能防止信號通路不適當?shù)爻掷m(xù)激活,,從而保證Wingless信號通路對下游基因表達的精細調控,。最后,黃大舜還找到了與Nek2有冗余功能的基因dco,,在同時降低Nek2和dco的功能時,,會嚴重阻礙Wingless信號通路下游基因的表達和果蠅的器官發(fā)育。
這些研究得到了中國科學院,、國家自然科學基金和科技部重大研究計劃的資助,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.02.019
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Systematic Screening of a Drosophila ORF Library In Vivo Uncovers Wnt/Wg Pathway Components
Claus Schertel1, 7, Dashun Huang2, 5, 7, Mikael Björklund3, 4, Johannes Bischof1, Dingzi Yin5, Rongxia Li5, Yi Wu5, Rong Zeng5, Jiarui Wu2, 5, Jussi Taipale4, 6, Haiyun Song5, , , Konrad Basler1, ,
We created a site-directed UAS-ORF library of 655 growth-regulating genes in Drosophila. This library represents a large collection of genes regulating cell cycle, cell size, and proliferation and will be a valuable resource for studying growth regulation in vivo. By using misexpression of genes, we prevent problems arising from genetic redundancy and can uncover novel gene functions. To validate the usefulness of this library, we screened for Wingless (Wg) pathway components. We used a combination of experimental and bioinformatic approaches to predict candidates and identified three serine/threonine kinases as regulators of Wg signaling. We show that one of these, Nek2, optimizes pathway response by direct phosphorylation of Dishevelled. In addition, we describe functional relations for roughly 5% of all Drosophila genes and identify a large number of genes that regulate cell size, proliferation, and final organ size upon misexpression.