生物谷報道：基因分析已經(jīng)使對癌癥患者進(jìn)行個性化藥物治療成為可能,，并從而提高治療效果，降低可能的毒性。 Navarra大學(xué)醫(yī)院生物技術(shù)實驗室的研究小組，通過與該大學(xué)應(yīng)用醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心（CIMA）的藥物基因組學(xué)實驗室的緊密協(xié)作，對患有肺癌,、結(jié)腸癌以及某些種類肉瘤的患者進(jìn)行了基因分析，以預(yù)測藥物對其的作用,。
對被稱作表皮生長因子受體（EGFR）的基因變異進(jìn)行的研究有助于確定一類新的藥物對腫瘤患者的作用,。這類藥物是作用于表皮生長因子受體的酪氨酸 quinase酶抑制劑。表皮生長因子受體可在肺癌患者身上找到,。 同樣的,，通過測定在血小板源生長因子受體α（PDGFR-alfa）某些特定的基因片段上及c-kit基因上所出現(xiàn)的基因變化，可以精確地確定在某些胃腸道肉瘤中,，哪種治療方法會更有效,。 Nivarra 大學(xué)醫(yī)院的腫瘤科及該大學(xué)的應(yīng)用醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心（CIMA）正就這一事項開展合作，在對患者進(jìn)行治療前,，使用腫瘤研究知識,，將這些基因變化鑒別出來。
研究人員們正在對基因變化進(jìn)行分析,，以確定某些參數(shù),，從而了解哪些藥物對腫瘤—尤其是肺癌、結(jié)腸癌和肉瘤—有最好的作用,。 通過這一方法,，研究人員們可確定哪種治療方法對患者效果更好,。同時,，還能了解這些藥物可能會產(chǎn)生的毒性作用。
研究人員們對血液樣本或存在有某些變異或多形的癌癥組織進(jìn)行基因分析,。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果做出預(yù)測,，哪些藥物對特定病人最適合。通過分析可以知道,，對抗腫瘤哪種治療方案最有效,，在患者身上使用這一治療方案可能會出現(xiàn)哪些副作用。 這樣一來,，就可以為每個患者提供個性化的更好的治療方案,。
研究人員們還對某些被稱作多形的基因變體進(jìn)行分析,，以預(yù)測在使用某些抗腫瘤藥物進(jìn)行治療時，毒性增加的危險,。為每位患者提供最適宜的藥物意味著諸如疲勞,、消化道不適，皮膚的反應(yīng),、腹瀉,、嘔吐以及肝及腎的變化等藥物毒性癥狀的減少，從而改善患者的生活質(zhì)量,。
不同研究小組進(jìn)行的許多研究項目已經(jīng)證實,，使用這些標(biāo)記物對藥物效果及毒性進(jìn)行衡量，可以為患者提供更個性化的治療方案,。
原文出處：
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=64601
Genetic Analyis Enables Personalization Of Certain Cancer Treatments
Article Date: 12 Mar 2007 - 2:00 PDT
Genetic analysis has enabled the personalisation of the pharmaceutical treatment of patients with cancer, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and minimising possible toxicity. The Biotechnology Laboratory team at the University Hospital (University of Navarra), in close collaboration with the Pharmacogenomics laboratory at the Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) of the same University, undertook these analyses to predict patients' responses to pharmaceutical drugs in cancer of the lung, the colon and certain types of sarcoma.
Research into the mutations of a gene known as EGFR that can be found altered in lung cancer may help to determine the response of a new group of pharmaceutical - the tyrosine quinase inhibitors of the epidermic growth factor receptor. Also, the presence of genetic changes in specific fragments of PDGFR-alfa genes as well a sin the c-kit gene can pinpoint which treatment is likely to be more efficacious in certain gastrointestinal sarcomas. In this respect, the Department of Oncology at the University Hospital (University of Navarra) and the Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) of the same University are collaborating in the identification of these genetic changes based on the study of the tumour prior to the application of treatment in the patient.
We are currently analysing genetic changes which will help us define the parameters needed to interpret what the best set of pharmaceutical drugs might be to act on certain tumours, particularly cancers of the lung, of the colon and sarcomas.
In this way we can identify how patients best respond to a specific treatment. At the same time, we understand the toxicity profile that may occur using these medicinal drugs.
Procedure
The procedure consists of a genetic analysis of a blood sample or of the cancerous tissue where the existence of certain mutations or polymorphisms are observed and enable us to predict what drugs are the most suitable for that particular patient. The analysis provides us with information about the most effective therapeutic option against the tumour, as well as what the potential side-effects are of this treatment on the patient. In this way a better therapeutic selection and individualisation for each patient is achieved.
The analysis of certain genetic variants called polymorphisms help to predict an increased toxicity risk due to treatment with certain antineoplasic pharmaceuticals. Providing the most suitable drug to each patient will mean reducing the symptoms of the toxicity - fatigue, digestive indisposition, cutaneous reaction, diarrhoea, vomiting, as well as alterations in the liver and kidney. In this way the patient will have a better quality of life.
A number of research projects undertaken by different teams have confirmed the use of these markers for response and toxicity and their role in drawing up a more individualised therapeutic plan.
相關(guān)基因：
EGFR
Official Symbol: EGFR and Name: epidermal growth factor receptor (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-b) oncogene homolog, avian) [Homo sapiens]
Other Aliases: ERBB, ERBB1, mENA
Other Designations: avian erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-b) oncogene homolog; cell growth inhibiting protein 40; epidermal growth factor receptor; truncated epidermal growth factor receptor
Chromosome: 7; Location: 7p12
MIM: 131550
GeneID: 1956
KIT
Official Symbol: KIT and Name: v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog [Homo sapiens]
Other Aliases: C-Kit, CD117, SCFR
Chromosome: 4; Location: 4q11-q12
MIM: 164920
GeneID: 3815
