生物谷報(bào)道：Jan M. Agosti 和Sue J. Goldie在《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》的這篇文章中說,，一種新的疫苗可能防止發(fā)展中國家數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的婦女死于宮頸癌——但是前提是它的價(jià)格合理,。
科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開發(fā)了一種能有效預(yù)防16型和18型人乳頭瘤病毒（HPV）的疫苗,，這種病毒導(dǎo)致了全部宮頸癌病例的3/4,。
全世界每年有27.4萬人死于宮頸癌,，其中80%出現(xiàn)在發(fā)展中國家,。這些作者說,，在這些國家推廣HPV疫苗的最大障礙是它的價(jià)格太高。
但是如果采用分級(jí)定價(jià)和補(bǔ)貼政策,，諸如全球疫苗免疫聯(lián)盟（GAVI Alliance）所提供的模式,，可以讓更貧窮的國家獲得疫苗,。
這些作者認(rèn)為需要全球真正努力把這種挽救生命的疫苗帶給發(fā)展中國家。他們還指出,，每延遲5年就會(huì)導(dǎo)致另外150萬到200萬人死于宮頸癌,。
這些作者還建議繼續(xù)在低收入地區(qū)檢查未接種疫苗婦女是否患有HPV 16、HPV 18以及其它類型HPV引起的癌癥,。
原始出處:
Introducing HPV Vaccine in Developing Countries — Key Challenges and Issues
Jan M. Agosti, M.D., and Sue J. Goldie, M.D., M.P.H.
More than any other cancer, cervical cancer reflects striking global health inequity. It is the second most common cancer among women worldwide, with about 493,000 new cases diagnosed annually (see map). Of 274,000 deaths due to cervical cancer each year, more than 80% occur in developing countries, and this proportion is expected to increase to 90% by 2020.1 Affecting relatively young women, it is the largest single cause of years of life lost to cancer in the developing world. The deaths of women who are in their most productive years have a devastating effect on the well-being of their families, resulting, for example, in decreases in school attendance and nutritional status among their children.
Age-Standardized Rates of New Cases of Cervical Cancer per 100,000 Women, 2002.
Numbers of cases for each continent represent the annual incidence of cervical cancer. Pie charts show the proportion of cases caused by HPV-16 or HPV-18. Data are from the Globocan 2002 database
A new quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has now been proved to be effective in preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and grade 3 caused by HPV types 16 and 18 (see reports by the FUTURE II Study Group on pages 1915–1927 and by Garland and colleagues on pages 1928–1943). According to meta-analyses, these two types of HPV account for an estimated 70% of all cervical cancers worldwide, representing a slightly higher fraction in developed regions (72 to 77%) than in less developed regions (65 to 72%).2 Longer follow-up will be required to establish the degree of protection against other oncogenic strains (including HPV types 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58), but the preliminary data are encouraging. Long-term monitoring will determine the durability of protection and the need for booster immunization. This vaccine has been studied in 27,000 women in 33 countries and is licensed in more than 60 countries. Results from the bivalent HPV-16/HPV-18 vaccine demonstrate similar efficacy. These data constitute sufficient evidence to support global policy recommendations for the introduction of either HPV vaccine.
