生物谷綜合:臺灣媒體報道,臺“中央研究院”基因體研究中心(基因組研究中心)有新突破,,最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)新抗癌醣脂質(zhì)的前驅(qū)物α-GalCer可提升抗癌細胞免疫力,。
傳統(tǒng)化學抗癌藥物多采抑制細胞生長策略,結(jié)果通常會產(chǎn)生抗藥性或引發(fā)副作用,;“中研院”這次的研究是針對提升免疫的“T細胞”所設(shè)計的新穎抗癌療法的研究,,采取的策略是引發(fā)患者自身的自然免疫的抵抗力,因此副作用的顧慮就少很多,。
1995年,,日本的一家制造啤酒的公司,發(fā)表一種由天然海綿所提煉出的一種醣脂成份( α-GalactosylCeramide,,簡稱α-GalCer)的藥物,,證明能在患癌小鼠身上刺激其自然免疫的殺手T細胞(Natural Killer T Cell)與癌細胞對抗。該藥物在經(jīng)過一系列臨床前的實驗,,進入第一期的人體臨床實驗,,證明對人體無害;不幸的,,這個藥物在人體內(nèi)并沒有明顯的療效,,原因是該藥物在提升抗癌細胞的免疫力的同時,也相對的提升了抑制性的免疫反應(yīng),,因此產(chǎn)生了矛盾的抵消作用,。
中研院基因體研究中心的團隊,根據(jù)α-GalCer的化學成份結(jié)構(gòu),,先由翁啟惠實驗室運用計算機仿真設(shè)計并合成出四十余種醣化合物,,在原結(jié)構(gòu)的尾端加上芳香族環(huán)等結(jié)構(gòu),使之不但繼承α-GalCer的抗癌性,,而且證實與CD1d分子的結(jié)合力變得更高,,因此推測這類的醣化合物可提升抗癌細胞免疫力。
在這個任務(wù)完成之后,,接著,,再由陳鈴津?qū)嶒炇易魃矬w的實驗,并由此挑選具較強提升免疫反應(yīng)之化合物,。
陳鈴津?qū)嶒炇覉F隊由張雅貞博士后研究員等進行一系列的體外與活體實驗,。首先,用人體自然殺手T細胞與樹突細胞,,和這四十余種化合物作用,,以篩選出其中較能提升免疫反應(yīng)的醣脂質(zhì)。結(jié)果證明該群化合物內(nèi)數(shù)種醣脂質(zhì),,能夠引發(fā)人類自然殺手T細胞導向更強的Th1反應(yīng),。此外更利用小鼠活體實驗,,證實此類化合物在小鼠體內(nèi)可有效刺激免疫反應(yīng)。
接著,,團隊又在患有肺癌及乳癌的小鼠體內(nèi)作抗癌功能性的實驗,。結(jié)果顯示,罹患肺癌的小鼠在用新的醣脂質(zhì)治療后,,與原始的α-GalCer相比,,存活期有顯著的延長,且與對照組小鼠相比,,明顯較為健康,。另外與罹患乳癌的對照組小鼠比較,接受新的醣脂質(zhì)治療后的小鼠腫瘤生長速度降低了75%,,且腫瘤尺寸顯著變小,。
陳鈴津表示,傳統(tǒng)化學抗癌藥物多采抑制細胞生長的策略,,結(jié)果通常會產(chǎn)生抗藥性或引發(fā)副作用,;這個針對“NK細胞”所設(shè)計的新穎抗癌療法的研究,采取的策略是引發(fā)患者自身的自然免疫的抵抗力,,因此副作用的顧慮就少很多了,。
這個創(chuàng)新的研究顯示,科學方法已可針對自然免疫力作精密的調(diào)節(jié),,使用借力使力的方法達到治療的目的,。該成果不但先于本周(6月11日)于美國國家科學院期刊的網(wǎng)站發(fā)表(Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences Online Early Edition),并且由中研院申請專利權(quán)中,,為免疫療法的藥物開發(fā)帶來新希望。
原始出處:
Published online before print June 12, 2007
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0703824104
Chemistry
Medical Sciences
Potent immune-modulating and anticancer effects of NKT cell stimulatory glycolipids
( antigen presentation | CD1 | -galactosylceramide )
Ya-Jen Chang *, Jing-Rong Huang *, Yi-Chien Tsai *, Jung-Tung Hung *, Douglass Wu , Masakazu Fujio , Chi-Huey Wong *¶, and Alice L. Yu *¶
*Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
Contributed by Chi-Huey Wong, April 27, 2007 (sent for review February 24, 2007)
Abstract
-Galactosylceramide (-GalCer), a glycolipid that stimulates natural killer T (NKT) cells to produce both T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines, has shown antitumor effects in mice but failed in clinical trials. We evaluated 16 analogs of -GalCer for their CD1-mediated T cell receptor (TCR) activation of naïve human NKT cells and their anticancer efficacy. In vitro, glycolipids containing an aromatic ring in their acyl tail or sphingosine tail were more effective than -GalCer in inducing Th1 cytokines/chemokines, TCR activation, and human NKT cell expansion. None of these glycolipids could directly stimulate human dendritic cell maturation, except for a glycolipid with an aromatic ring on the sphingosine tail. Here, we show that glycolipids activated the TCR of NKT cells with phosphorylation of CD3, ERK1/2, or CREB, which correlated with their induction of Th1 cytokines. Notably, the extent of NKT cell activation when glycolipid was presented by antigen-presenting cells was greater than when glycolipid was presented by non-antigen-presenting cells. In vivo, in mice bearing breast or lung cancers, the glycolipids that induced more Th1-biased cytokines and CD8/CD4 T cells displayed significantly greater anticancer potency