《泌尿?qū)W雜志》（The Journal of Urology）最近刊登了美國密歇根大學(xué)的一項最新研究,。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，吸煙不僅可以導(dǎo)致肺,、口腔、鼻咽等部位的癌變,，還可以導(dǎo)致膀胱癌,。同時調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)，普通民眾對吸煙會致癌的意識還遠遠不夠,。
膀胱癌是泌尿系統(tǒng)最常見的惡性腫瘤,，發(fā)病率居泌尿系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤的首位。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，煙草中的丙烯醛會引發(fā)膀胱上皮的彌散性增生,，同時煙草中含有的芳香胺類物質(zhì)和其它有害物質(zhì)，多以無活性代謝的形式,，經(jīng)尿液排出體外,。在此過程中，由于作用于膀胱的毒性和致突變性效應(yīng)而引發(fā)并形成膀胱癌,。
膀胱癌治療花費很大,，往往患者會給家庭帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟困難。通過對普通民眾的調(diào)查顯示,，人們對吸煙危害身體健康的意識還遠遠不夠,，調(diào)查人數(shù)中只有22%知道吸煙會導(dǎo)致癌癥。
同時研究表明,，那些曾經(jīng)是煙民而現(xiàn)在戒煙的人要比目前仍在吸煙者患膀胱癌的危險低,，即使是重度吸煙者，如果他們開始戒煙,，也能減少患膀胱癌的危險,，這也說明戒煙具有一定的效果。研究人員希望該研究能夠引起一些煙民的重視,，為了自己以及家人盡早戒煙,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
The Journal of Urology，doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.045,，Seth A. Strope and James E. Montie
The Causal Role of Cigarette Smoking in Bladder Cancer Initiation and Progression, and the Role of Urologists in Smoking Cessation
Seth A. Strope and James E. Montie
Purpose
Cigarette smoking is a well established risk factor for bladder cancer. We characterize the changing impact of this exposure throughout the course of bladder cancer from incidence through progression. We also discuss how understanding the risk of bladder cancer attributable to smoking can help urologists effectively communicate with their patients and influence smoking cessation in their patients.
Materials and Methods
A review using the MEDLINE® database from 1975 through 2007 was performed to search for studies from the epidemiological and medical literature on cigarette smoking and bladder cancer.
Results
Cigarette smoking accounts for up to 50% of all incident bladder cancer cases, an attributable fraction that may be increasing. The general public is not informed of the association between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer, and physicians do a poor job of counseling patients regarding this risk. Smoking cessation has proven beneficial in decreasing the risk of many smoking related illnesses, including bladder cancer. Simple physician interventions can be effective in triggering patient attempts at quitting smoking.
Conclusions
Bladder cancer is causally related to cigarette smoking but this knowledge may not be well disseminated to patients. Furthermore, cigarette smoking cessation decreases bladder cancer risk and may decrease the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Urologists have a vital role in influencing patient knowledge of their smoking risk and in encouraging smoking cessation.
