近日,由美國(guó)國(guó)家癌癥研究所(美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院的一部分)的研究人員進(jìn)行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)體遺傳與化療反應(yīng)間的聯(lián)系,。研究顯示位于SOD2基因的遺傳變異,,可能會(huì)影響個(gè)體對(duì)用于治療乳腺癌和其他癌癥的化療藥物環(huán)磷酰胺的反應(yīng)。
SOD2基因可產(chǎn)生一種重要蛋白質(zhì),,這種蛋白質(zhì)可以保護(hù)細(xì)胞免受被稱(chēng)為活性氧物質(zhì),,或自由基的分子的損害?;钚匝跷镔|(zhì)可由正常細(xì)胞代謝過(guò)程和一些化療藥物反應(yīng)過(guò)程產(chǎn)生,。這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)為乳腺癌化療時(shí)環(huán)磷酰胺耐藥的患者提供了初步的耐藥機(jī)制和可能的生物標(biāo)志物。網(wǎng)上發(fā)表于2009年6月9日的臨床癌癥研究,。
癌癥研究中心的作者Sharon Glynn博士說(shuō):“這項(xiàng)研究顯示,,人們有可能研究出一種新的診斷方法,可以檢測(cè)患者是否存在某些可能改變化療效果的基因變異,,并有利于個(gè)體化治療方案的進(jìn)展,。”
同時(shí),癌癥研究中心的資深作者Stefan Ambs 補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“將來(lái),,這種檢測(cè)方法可用于指導(dǎo)存在SOD2基因變異患者的治療,,以確保他們得到比以環(huán)磷酰胺為基礎(chǔ)治療更有效的治療方法。
人體細(xì)胞中的大多數(shù)基因存在兩套拷貝:一套是來(lái)自于母親的遺留,,一套是來(lái)自于父親的遺傳,,這些基因拷貝彼此不同。一些基因變異在基因表達(dá)或者蛋白質(zhì)功能方面發(fā)揮重要作用,。
研究人員證實(shí),,SOD2基因的變異可以影響其編碼的被稱(chēng)為錳超氧化物岐化酶(MnSOD)的蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,影響MnSOD向細(xì)胞內(nèi)正常位置的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和活性水平,。正常情況下MnSOD存在于細(xì)胞內(nèi)的線粒體內(nèi),,保護(hù)細(xì)胞免受在細(xì)胞代謝過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的自由基的損害。過(guò)多的自由基可以損傷細(xì)胞,,而一些抗癌藥物確實(shí)是依靠增加自由基的產(chǎn)量來(lái)殺滅癌細(xì)胞,,此外,一些研究表明,,由于MnSOD能中和自由基,,因此能夠改變化療藥物的作用。例如,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室和動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中,,MnSOD活性增加可以幫助細(xì)胞抵抗一種廣泛使用的抗癌藥物——阿霉素的毒性作用,。
在這項(xiàng)新研究中,研究小組研究這種基因變異是否會(huì)影響兩組不同乳腺癌婦女的生存:248美國(guó)婦女和340名挪威婦女,。其中一些婦女接受化療,,一些沒(méi)有接受化療。該小組首先分析這些婦女的DNA,,以確定她們的基因型,,即她們具有哪種類(lèi)型的SOD2基因。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,在接受化療的患者中,,那些具有一種基因型的患者生存下降,具有另一種基因型的患者生存更差,。相比之下,,在沒(méi)有接受化療的患者中,SOD2基因型對(duì)生存沒(méi)有影響,。
接下來(lái),,研究小組研究了SOD2基因型和婦女接受化療藥種類(lèi)的關(guān)系。數(shù)據(jù)分析了三種常用化療藥物:阿霉素,,5-氟尿嘧啶,,或環(huán)磷酰胺。阿霉素和環(huán)磷酰胺在治療過(guò)程中都在癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)產(chǎn)生自由基,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,有一種特殊的變異與那些應(yīng)用包含上述三種化療藥任何一種化療方案的患者的生存下降有關(guān),對(duì)應(yīng)用環(huán)磷酰胺的影響最顯著,。那些具有SOD2基因明顯變異并接受含有環(huán)磷酰胺化療方案的婦女生存最差,。
研究小組表示,還需要做更多的工作來(lái)證實(shí)這些研究結(jié)果和進(jìn)一步探索基因型影響癌細(xì)胞對(duì)環(huán)磷酰胺反應(yīng)的精確機(jī)制,。該研究小組還計(jì)劃研究幾種變異對(duì)其他化療抵抗的影響,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Clinical Cancer Research, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0119
A Mitochondrial Target Sequence Polymorphism in Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Predicts Inferior Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Cyclophosphamide
Sharon A. Glynn 1, 3, Brenda J. Boersma 1, Tiffany M. Howe 1, Hege Edvardsen 4, Stephanie B. Geisler 8, Julie E. Goodman 9, Lisa A. Ridnour 2, Per E. L?nning 8, Anne-Lise B?rresen-Dale 4, 5, Bjorn Naume 6, Vessela N. Kristensen 4, 7, Stephen J. Chanock 10, David A. Wink 2, and Stefan Ambs 1*
Authors' Affiliations: 1Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and 2Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research and 3Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Office of Preventive Oncology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; 4Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, 5Faculty of Medicine, and 6Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet University Hospital; 7Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 8Section of Oncology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 9Gradient Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and 10Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Gaithersburg, Maryland
Purpose: Manganese superoxide dismutase protects against oxidative damage and modulates the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in codon 16 of SOD2 (rs4880), which encodes manganese superoxide dismutase, results in a substitution of valine by alanine (Val16Ala). We hypothesized that this single-nucleotide polymorphism affects breast cancer survival of patients receiving chemotherapy.
Experimental Design: Two patient populations from the United States (n = 248) and Norway (n = 340) were genotyped for Val16Ala. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between Val16Ala and disease-specific survival.
Results: Val16Ala was significantly associated with breast cancer outcome in both patient populations. Carriers of the Ala allele had inferior survival rates in the multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR), 2.44 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.11-5.37 in U.S. cohort; HR, 1.91 and 95% CI, 1.06-3.45 in Norway cohort for Ala/Ala versus Val/Val]. In an analysis of the combined cohorts, this association was significant for patients receiving adjuvant therapy (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.46-4.19), but not for patients without it (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.57-3.74). After further stratification by type of chemotherapy, the effect of the Ala allele was mostly restricted to cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy regimens (HR, 22.0; 95% CI, 5.22-92.9; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val).
Conclusion: The Val16Ala polymorphism affects survival of patients receiving cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy. The findings provide the first evidence pointing toward a mechanism for cyclophosphamide resistance in breast cancer patients.