最新研究表明身上長有很多痣的人易患黑色素瘤,。黑色素瘤是三種最嚴重的皮膚癌之一，歐洲和澳洲科學家組成的研究小組通過對比一萬人的三十萬個單核苷酸多態(tài)位點發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩個基因變異會導致多痣及黑色素瘤,。這是科學家首次找到多痣與皮膚癌聯(lián)系的遺傳證據(jù)。
以前認為多數(shù)確診患有黑色素瘤的病例多是天生紅色頭發(fā)和面部長有較多雀斑,，過多的陽光直射也會造成黑色素瘤,。但是通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人類9號和22號染色體上的某些基因變異會導致黑色素瘤發(fā)生，這些基因與膚色的差異無關(guān),。同樣的基因變異也會使人體出現(xiàn)多痣的情況,。
研究人員表示，皮膚癌發(fā)生的機理和主要原因仍然不是非常清楚,，希望通過進一步研究能夠查明皮膚癌發(fā)病的誘因,，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)和治療癌癥。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Nature Genetics 5 July 2009 | doi:10.1038/ng.411
Genome-wide association study identifies three loci associated with melanoma risk
D Timothy Bishop1, Florence Demenais2, Mark M Iles1, Mark Harland1, John C Taylor1, Eve Corda2,3, Juliette Randerson-Moor1, Joanne F Aitken4, Marie-Francoise Avril5, Esther Azizi6, Bert Bakker7, Giovanna Bianchi-Scarrà8, Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets9, Donato Calista10, Lisa A Cannon-Albright11, Thomas Chin-A-Woeng12, Tadeusz Dbniak13, Gilli Galore-Haskel6, Paola Ghiorzo8, Ivo Gut14, Johan Hansson15, Marko Hoevar16, Veronica H?iom15, John L Hopper17, Christian Ingvar18, Peter A Kanetsky19, Richard F Kefford20, Maria Teresa Landi21, Julie Lang22, Jan Lubiski13, Rona Mackie23, Josep Malvehy24, Graham J Mann20, Nicholas G Martin25, Grant W Montgomery25, Frans A van Nieuwpoort26, Srdjan Novakovic16, H?kan Olsson18, Susana Puig24, Marjan Weiss7, Wilbert van Workum12, Diana Zelenika14, Kevin M Brown27, Alisa M Goldstein21, Elizabeth M Gillanders28, Anne Boland14, Pilar Galan29, David E Elder30, Nelleke A Gruis26, Nicholas K Hayward25, G Mark Lathrop3,14, Jennifer H Barrett1 & Julia A Newton Bishop1
We report a genome-wide association study of melanoma conducted by the GenoMEL consortium based on 317K tagging SNPs for 1,650 selected cases and 4,336 controls, with replication in an additional two cohorts (1,149 selected cases and 964 controls from GenoMEL, and a population-based case-control study in Leeds of 1,163 cases and 903 controls). The genome-wide screen identified five loci with genotyped or imputed SNPs reaching P < 5 10-7. Three of these loci were replicated: 16q24 encompassing MC1R (combined P = 2.54 10-27 for rs258322), 11q14-q21 encompassing TYR (P = 2.41 10-14 for rs1393350) and 9p21 adjacent to MTAP and flanking CDKN2A (P = 4.03 10-7 for rs7023329). MC1R and TYR are associated with pigmentation, freckling and cutaneous sun sensitivity, well-recognized melanoma risk factors. Common variants within the 9p21 locus have not previously been associated with melanoma. Despite wide variation in allele frequency, these genetic variants show notable homogeneity of effect across populations of European ancestry living at different latitudes and show independent association to disease risk.
