加拿大不列顛哥倫比亞大學(xué)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),情緒消沉或可增加癌癥患者死亡率,。但科學(xué)家稱情緒消沉癌癥患者不應(yīng)為此驚慌,,因為了解二者關(guān)系有待更多研究。
死亡率增加
科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),,情緒消沉或有抑郁癥的癌癥患者死亡率比精神狀況良好的癌癥患者死亡率高,。
在針對9417名癌癥患者的26項獨(dú)立研究中,有抑郁癥征兆的癌癥患者死亡率比精神狀況良好患者死亡率高25%,;確診抑郁癥的癌癥患者死亡率比精神狀況良好患者死亡率高39%,。
研究人員在動物實(shí)驗中發(fā)現(xiàn),壓力對腫瘤生長及癌細(xì)胞擴(kuò)散均有影響,。這表明消沉情緒或許會影響到人體激素水平和免疫系統(tǒng),,另外,消極情緒使癌癥病人不愿配合治療可能也是他們死亡率增高原因之一,。
“我認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對待情緒消沉,,”研究負(fù)責(zé)人吉莉安·薩坦對美聯(lián)社記者說,“希望這一研究結(jié)果能促使人們在傳統(tǒng)癌癥治療中加入心理社會治療,。”
相關(guān)研究報告14日發(fā)表在美國《癌癥》雜志上,。
走出誤區(qū)
盡管研究結(jié)果揭示患者情緒與癌癥死亡率存在一定關(guān)系,但薩坦稱研究結(jié)果并不說明消沉情緒本身會導(dǎo)致死亡。
“我們的研究不是為了告訴人們消沉情緒本身會導(dǎo)致死亡,,我們只是說這是一種可能,,”薩坦說。她反對人們把研究結(jié)果與癌癥患者死亡率絕對地聯(lián)系在一起,。
“我知道人們想知道具體數(shù)字,,但是數(shù)字會帶來誤區(qū),”薩坦說,,“人們會以為,,被確診癌癥后,隨之產(chǎn)生的消極情緒與患者病情有必然聯(lián)系,。”
“心理狀態(tài)影響腫瘤的理論眼下得到眾多腫瘤專家和公眾認(rèn)可,,85%的癌癥患者和71.4%的腫瘤專家認(rèn)為心理因素影響腫瘤生長和擴(kuò)散,”薩坦說,。此次研究目的只為探究情緒是否如眾多腫瘤專家和大眾所認(rèn)為的那樣,,可以影響腫瘤生長擴(kuò)散。如同先有雞還是先有蛋的問題一樣,,有人認(rèn)為人們因為得了癌癥才變得情緒消沉,;另一部分人則認(rèn)為消極情緒使癌癥患者死亡率增加。
及時治療
相關(guān)研究顯示,,與癌癥死亡率相比,,消沉情緒對心臟病患者死亡率影響更大。消除臨床因素影響,,情緒消沉的心臟病患者死亡率是普通心臟病患者的兩倍,。
“雖然消沉情緒可增加癌癥患者死亡風(fēng)險,但必須說明的是,,這一增加的死亡風(fēng)險其實(shí)微乎其微,,”薩坦說,“所以癌癥患者如果有抑郁癥癥狀不必驚慌,。但是我們建議患者與主治醫(yī)生交流自己的精神健康狀況,。”
“這項研究提醒人們關(guān)注癌癥患者的精神健康,為有情緒消沉傾向患者及時提供治療,,”英國癌癥研究會的朱利·夏普說,。
她同時強(qiáng)調(diào),研究對象死亡率的變化可能由其他因素引起,,因為目前還有很多未解之謎,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Cancer 14 Sep 2009
Depression as a predictor of disease progression and mortality in cancer patients
A Meta-Analysis
Jillian R. Satin, MA *, Wolfgang Linden, PhD, Melanie J. Phillips, BSc
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
BACKGROUND:
Cancer patients and oncologists believe that psychological variables influence the course of cancer, but the evidence remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis assessed the extent to which depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder predict disease progression and mortality in cancer patients.
METHODS:
Using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE online databases, the authors identified prospective studies that examined the association between depressive symptoms or major/minor depression and risk of disease progression or mortality in cancer patients. Two raters independently extracted effect sizes using a random effects model.
RESULTS:
Based on 3 available studies, depressive symptoms were not shown to significantly predict cancer progression (risk ratio [RR] unadjusted = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-1.77; P = .28). Based on data from 25 independent studies, mortality rates were up to 25% higher in patients experiencing depressive symptoms (RR unadjusted = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.40; P < .001), and up to 39% higher in patients diagnosed with major or minor depression (RR unadjusted = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.89; P = .03). In support of a causal interpretation of results, there was no evidence that adjusting for known clinical prognostic factors diminished the effect of depression on mortality in cancer patients.
CONCLUSIONS:
This meta-analysis presented reasonable evidence that depression predicts mortality, but not progression, in cancer patients. The associated risk was statistically significant but relatively small. The effect of depression remains after adjustment for clinical prognosticators, suggesting that depression may play a causal role. Recommendations were made for future research to more clearly examine the effect of depression on cancer outcomes. Cancer 2009.