來自美國國家健康研究院(NIH)科學家在小鼠實驗中,,成功發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種能有效抑制人的乳腺癌細胞生長的小分子RGS16,該發(fā)現(xiàn)對開發(fā)治療乳腺癌的新方法和藥物具有重要作用,。相關研究成果發(fā)表在美國《生物化學雜志》上。
乳腺癌是一種女性常見的惡性腫瘤,。20世紀90年代以來,,乳腺癌的發(fā)病率在世界各地均有上升趨勢,歐洲和北美有超過10%的婦女患有這種腫瘤,。目前,,治療乳腺癌的主要方法是手術切除、放射和化學治療,。但是,,對于已經(jīng)轉移了的乳腺癌病人,手術治療不能根除,。此外,,放射和化學治療對人體有很大的損傷和副作用。
長期以來,,科學家們一直致力于研究新的乳腺癌治療方法,,例如基因或小分子療法,,這種治療方法的突出優(yōu)點是在晚期癌癥的治療中沒有或只有輕微的副作用。
科學家的最新研究是利用病毒載體和轉染技術把RGS16基因或者干擾RNA(siRNA) 導入人的癌細胞中,,使RGS16蛋白的表達增強或抑制,。然后,應用細胞熒光標記和細胞活力分析等手段,,測定細胞的繁殖和增長速度,。研究人員還通過免疫沉淀和免疫化學反應,探索RGS16所作用的生物信息鏈,。
研究表明,,RGS16是通過一種細胞生長因子(EGF)的信息鏈來調控乳腺癌細胞生長的。當EGF和它的細胞表面受體(EGFR)結合時,,可導致一些蛋白激酶(例如Akt)的磷酸化,。這些磷酸化激酶一方面促進癌細胞繁殖和生長,另一方面可以抑制癌細胞的凋亡,,從而導致腫瘤形成,。RGS16通過結合在EGFR復合體上,使得蛋白激酶的磷酸化被抑制,,從而延緩了癌細胞生長,。
大量試驗證明,當RGS16基因表達加強時,,乳腺癌細胞的生長得到延緩,,并最后死亡。相反,,如果RGS16基因表達被抑制,,這種癌細胞會加快生長。這些成果表明,,小分子RGS16很有可能成為治療乳腺癌的新方法,,對新的乳腺癌藥物開發(fā)具有重要意義,。對于開發(fā)用于人體的癌癥治療方法來說,,RGS16應是安全和副作用小的選擇。
目前研究人員正在應用小鼠做進一步研究,。他們將人的乳腺癌細胞移植到小鼠體內,,然后測定RGS16在腫瘤形成和生長上的作用,進一步探索RGS16調控腫瘤生長的分子機理,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦英文摘要:
JBC doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.028407
RGS16 Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Mitigating Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling*
Genqing Liang, Geetanjali Bansal1, Zhihui Xie and Kirk M. Druey2
Aberrant activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway supports growth of many tumors including those of breast, lung, and prostate. Resistance of breast cancer cells to targeted chemotherapies including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has been linked to persistent PI3K activity, which may in part be due to increased membrane expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors (HER2 and HER3). Recently we found that proteins of the RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) family suppress PI3K activity downstream of the receptor by sequestering its p85α subunit from signaling complexes. Because a substantial percentage of breast tumors have RGS16 mutations and reduced RGS16 protein expression, we investigated the link between regulation of PI3K activity by RGS16 and breast cancer cell growth. RGS16 overexpression in MCF7 breast cancer cells inhibited EGF-induced proliferation and Akt phosphorylation, whereas shRNA-mediated extinction of RGS16 augmented cell growth and resistance to TKI treatment. Exposure to TKI also reduced RGS16 expression in MCF7 and BT474 cell lines. RGS16 bound the amino-terminal SH2 and inter-SH2 domains of p85α and inhibited its interaction with the EGF receptor-associated adapter protein Gab1. These results suggest that the loss of RGS16 in some breast tumors enhances PI3K signaling elicited by growth factors and thereby promotes proliferation and TKI evasion downstream of HER activation.