意大利歐洲癌癥研究中心,,米蘭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院,,F(xiàn)ondazione研究所的科學(xué)家在最新一期的Cell上發(fā)表乳腺癌干細(xì)胞最新成果文章,,分析了不同乳腺癌干細(xì)胞的分子特征對腫瘤發(fā)展趨勢的影響情況。
15年前,,多倫多大學(xué)的分子生物學(xué)家John Dick在做實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn),,并不是所有的癌癥干細(xì)胞都是經(jīng)歷相同的步驟發(fā)展而來的。尤其是,,只有小部分的具有自我更新能力的白血病細(xì)胞能發(fā)展成腫瘤,,因此John Dick將這些能發(fā)育成腫瘤的變異細(xì)胞稱為癌癥干細(xì)胞(Cancer Stem Cells,CSCs)。
2003年癌癥干細(xì)胞理論的模型正式建立,,由來自密歇根大學(xué)的Michael Clarke, Max Wicga,,Sean Morrison等人首次建立。他們首次在乳腺癌組織中發(fā)現(xiàn)存在癌性的干細(xì)胞樣細(xì)胞群,,這是第一次證實(shí)存在有癌癥干細(xì)胞,。
此后,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,,在每一個(gè)腫瘤的核心中都存在少數(shù)癌變的干細(xì)胞,,這些干癌癥干細(xì)胞導(dǎo)致了癌癥的發(fā)生,并且在癌癥的轉(zhuǎn)移,、復(fù)發(fā)過程中具有重要的意義,。
正常組織中的干細(xì)胞管理機(jī)制往往與癌癥組織中的大相徑庭,常規(guī)的干細(xì)胞管理機(jī)制在癌癥組織中被顛覆,。
意大利的科學(xué)家們從乳腺干細(xì)胞微球體(mammospheres)中分離出幾乎純的人類正常的乳腺干細(xì)胞(human normal mammary Stem Cells,, hNMSCs),將微球體內(nèi)的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行染色,,凡是休眠期的干細(xì)胞都能結(jié)合一種特殊的燃料PKH26(親脂性的細(xì)胞染料),,這些PKH26陽性的細(xì)胞具有與hNMSCs完全一致的特征。這證實(shí),,所分離到的細(xì)胞確為乳腺干細(xì)胞,。
對這些PKH26陽性、具有hNMSCs特征的細(xì)胞群進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄分析可預(yù)測乳腺癌細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)特征和分子學(xué)特征,。為此,,研究人員對從乳腺中分離的純?nèi)橄俑杉?xì)胞和從乳腺癌中分離的乳腺癌干細(xì)胞進(jìn)行比對分析,以期找到可預(yù)測乳腺癌特征的分子特征,。
據(jù)分析,,不同的乳腺癌干細(xì)胞對預(yù)測癌癥的發(fā)病過程具有不同的意義。分化不良的癌細(xì)胞(G3期)比分化良好的癌細(xì)胞(G1期)更具指導(dǎo)意義,。
為了比較G3期和G1期的單癌細(xì)胞特征,,研究者進(jìn)行了異種移植試驗(yàn),研究結(jié)果表明,,癌癥干細(xì)胞中含有豐富的G3癌細(xì)胞,。含有大量G3癌細(xì)胞的腫瘤組織更具侵襲力,含有大量G1癌細(xì)胞的腫瘤組織侵襲力相對較低,。這些研究數(shù)據(jù)表明,,癌癥干細(xì)胞的特征可體現(xiàn)出癌癥發(fā)生過程和預(yù)后的特征。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Cell, 8 January 2010 DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.007
Biological and Molecular Heterogeneity of Breast Cancers Correlates with Their Cancer Stem Cell Content
Salvatore Pece, Daniela Tosoni, Stefano Confalonieri, Giovanni Mazzarol, Manuela Vecchi, Simona Ronzoni, Loris Bernard, Giuseppe Viale, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Pier Paolo Di Fiore
Pathways that govern stem cell (SC) function are often subverted in cancer. Here, we report the isolation to near purity of human normal mammary SCs (hNMSCs), from cultured mammospheres, on the basis of their ability to retain the lipophilic dye PKH26 as a consequence of their quiescent nature. PKH26-positive cells possess all the characteristics of hNMSCs. The transcriptional profile of PKH26-positive cells (hNMSC signature) was able to predict biological and molecular features of breast cancers. By using markers of the hNMSC signature, we prospectively isolated SCs from the normal gland and from breast tumors. Poorly differentiated (G3) cancers displayed higher content of prospectively isolated cancer SCs (CSCs) than did well-differentiated (G1) cancers. By comparing G3 and G1 tumors in xenotransplantation experiments, we directly demonstrated that G3s are enriched in CSCs. Our data support the notion that the heterogeneous phenotypical and molecular traits of human breast cancers are a function of their CSC content.