英國(guó)一項(xiàng)最新研究說(shuō),，老人患腸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高,，但只要進(jìn)行乙狀結(jié)腸鏡檢查,，就可及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)腸癌前兆,，從而有效預(yù)防這種癌癥的發(fā)生。
英國(guó)帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院等機(jī)構(gòu)研究人員在新一期《柳葉刀》醫(yī)學(xué)期刊上報(bào)告說(shuō),，這項(xiàng)持續(xù)十多年的研究共跟蹤了約17萬(wàn)人的健康狀況,，其中約4萬(wàn)人接受了乙狀結(jié)腸鏡檢查,。結(jié)果顯示，對(duì)于年齡在55歲和66歲之間的人來(lái)說(shuō),，接受這種檢查可使腸癌發(fā)生率下降三分之一,；而在腸癌引起的死亡率上，接受檢查人群與其他人相比要低43％,。
在乙狀結(jié)腸鏡檢查中,，醫(yī)生通過(guò)插入體內(nèi)的內(nèi)視鏡來(lái)檢查腸道狀況，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)息肉等癌癥前兆,，可以及時(shí)將其在癌變前切除,。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)研究的溫迪·阿特金教授說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)研究首次顯示可以通過(guò)醫(yī)學(xué)檢查來(lái)顯著降低腸癌發(fā)生率,，推廣這種檢查可以拯救成千上萬(wàn)人的生命,。
據(jù)介紹，全球每年有約60萬(wàn)人死于腸癌,，約九成腸癌患者是55歲以上的老人,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
The Lancet doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60551-X
Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Prof Wendy S Atkin PhD a , Rob Edwards PhD b, Ines Kralj-Hans PhD a, Kate Wooldrage MSc a, Andrew R Hart MD c, Prof John MA Northover MS d, D Max Parkin MD e, Prof Jane Wardle PhD f, Prof Stephen W Duffy MSc b, Prof Jack Cuzick PhD b, UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Trial Investigators
Background
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and has a high mortality rate. We tested the hypothesis that only one flexible sigmoidoscopy screening between 55 and 64 years of age can substantially reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.
Methods
This randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 14 UK centres. 170 432 eligible men and women, who had indicated on a previous questionnaire that they would accept an invitation for screening, were randomly allocated to the intervention group (offered flexible sigmoidoscopy screening) or the control group (not contacted). Randomisation by sequential number generation was done centrally in blocks of 12, with stratification by trial centre, general practice, and household type. The primary outcomes were the incidence of colorectal cancer, including prevalent cases detected at screening, and mortality from colorectal cancer. Analyses were intention to treat and per protocol. The trial is registered, number ISRCTN28352761.
Findings
113 195 people were assigned to the control group and 57 237 to the intervention group, of whom 112 939 and 57 099, respectively, were included in the final analyses. 40 674 (71%) people underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy. During screening and median follow-up of 11·2 years (IQR 10·7—11·9), 2524 participants were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (1818 in control group vs 706 in intervention group) and 20 543 died (13 768 vs 6775; 727 certified from colorectal cancer [538 vs 189]). In intention-to-treat analyses, colorectal cancer incidence in the intervention group was reduced by 23% (hazard ratio 0·77, 95% CI 0·70—0·84) and mortality by 31% (0·69, 0·59—0·82). In per-protocol analyses, adjusting for self-selection bias in the intervention group, incidence of colorectal cancer in people attending screening was reduced by 33% (0·67, 0·60—0·76) and mortality by 43% (0·57, 0·45—0·72). Incidence of distal colorectal cancer (rectum and sigmoid colon) was reduced by 50% (0·50, 0·42—0·59; secondary outcome). The numbers needed to be screened to prevent one colorectal cancer diagnosis or death, by the end of the study period, were 191 (95% CI 145—277) and 489 (343—852), respectively.
