12月發(fā)表在《癌癥預(yù)防研究》 Cancer Prevention Research 雜志上的一篇論文指出人體血細(xì)胞中葉酸水平過(guò)高將引起兩個(gè)重要的腫瘤抑制基因發(fā)生甲基化而導(dǎo)致基因功能失活。這一研究結(jié)果打破了常規(guī)理論上的“葉酸無(wú)毒性”論,,或?qū)⒋偈谷藗兏幼⒁馊粘H~酸的正常攝入量,。
“大量研究證實(shí)DNA甲基化與人類(lèi)許多癌癥和衰老疾病相關(guān)?;騿?dòng)子CpG島的甲基化可在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上抑制基因的表達(dá),。”論文的作者、美國(guó)安德森癌癥中心白血病科的Jean-Pierre Issa教授說(shuō)道:“我們的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血液中高水平的葉酸可促進(jìn)DNA甲基化水平增高,。”
葉酸是一種廣泛分布的B族維生素,,具有促進(jìn)DNA合成、修復(fù)以及功能代謝的作用,,此外還可促使紅細(xì)胞生成,。孕婦在妊娠期間缺乏葉酸可引起胎兒神經(jīng)管不完全閉合,,從而導(dǎo)致以脊柱裂和無(wú)腦畸形為主的神經(jīng)管畸形。
葉酸廣泛地存在于葉類(lèi)蔬菜,、水果和豆類(lèi)等食品中,。從1998年開(kāi)始美國(guó)食品與藥品管理局強(qiáng)制在市場(chǎng)上銷(xiāo)售的面包、谷物,、面粉,、面條、大米和其他谷物產(chǎn)品中添加葉酸,。根據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心的調(diào)查,,這一政策大大減低了美國(guó)神經(jīng)管缺陷疾病的發(fā)生率。此外,,葉酸還被營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家們推薦作為一種膳食補(bǔ)充劑,。正常成年男性和女性的推薦的日常葉酸攝入量為400微克,而婦女在妊娠期則需每日攝入800微克的葉酸,。曾經(jīng)還有一些科研學(xué)者提出葉酸具有預(yù)防癌癥的功能,。然而近年來(lái)又有一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為在結(jié)直腸癌、前列腺癌中葉酸攝入有促癌的作用,。
在新研究中研究人員針對(duì)781名患者進(jìn)行研究分析了葉酸血液水平,、飲食和生活方式對(duì)于正常結(jié)腸直腸組織中DNA甲基化的影響。這781名患者來(lái)自于一項(xiàng)臨床試驗(yàn)旨在比較葉酸與阿司匹林對(duì)癌前結(jié)腸直腸息肉的預(yù)防效應(yīng),。研究人員收集了所有的人口統(tǒng)計(jì),、生活方式和飲食信息,并比較了兩個(gè)腫瘤抑制基因ERα 和 SFRP1的甲基化水平,。
研究證實(shí)隨著年齡增高ERα 和 SFRP1的甲基化也相應(yīng)增高,。并且不同的種族、直腸與結(jié)腸之間甲基化的水平都存在差異,。無(wú)論是葉酸治療或是阿司匹林治療與甲基化水平均沒(méi)有顯著的相關(guān)性,。然而,在研究數(shù)據(jù)中研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)紅細(xì)胞中葉酸水平較高的患者與較低的患者之間ERα 和 SFRP1兩種抑癌基因的甲基化程度有著顯著的差異,。并且患者體內(nèi)紅細(xì)胞葉酸水平密切反映了患者長(zhǎng)期的葉酸攝入量,。
“這些差異非常顯著,紅細(xì)胞葉酸水平高的患者比較低的患者衰老程度平均要超過(guò)10年,,”Issa說(shuō): “研究的結(jié)果不禁使人擔(dān)心長(zhǎng)期過(guò)量地?cái)z入葉酸將引起更多的DNA甲基化,,從而有可能導(dǎo)致癌癥以及一些其他的衰老性疾病的發(fā)病幾率增高。”
“目前關(guān)于葉酸補(bǔ)充量的數(shù)據(jù)仍非常的不確定,,我個(gè)人認(rèn)為人們?cè)诜萌~酸時(shí)應(yīng)三思而后行,,”Issa說(shuō):“此外,這些數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該引起美國(guó)當(dāng)局對(duì)于人均葉酸正常攝入量的思考。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Cancer Prev Res doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0047
Association between Folate Levels and CpG Island Hypermethylation in Normal Colorectal Mucosa
Kristin Wallace1,2, Maria V. Grau1, A. Joan Levine3, Lanlan Shen4, Randala Hamdan4, Xinli Chen4, Jiang Gui1, Robert W. Haile3, Elizabeth L. Barry1, Dennis Ahnen5, Gail McKeown-Eyssen6, John A. Baron1 and Jean Pierre J. Issa4
Abstract
Gene-specific promoter methylation of several genes occurs in aging normal tissues and may predispose to tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigate the association of blood folate levels and dietary and lifestyle factors with CpG island (CGI) methylation in normal colorectal mucosa. Subjects were enrolled in a multicenter chemoprevention trial of aspirin or folic acid for the prevention of large bowel adenomas. We collected 1,000 biopsy specimens from 389 patients, 501 samples from the right colon and 499 from the rectum at the follow-up colonoscopy. We measured DNA methylation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and secreted frizzled related protein-1 (SFRP1), using bisulfite pyrosequencing. We used generalized estimating equations regression analysis to examine the association between methylation and selected variables. For both ERα and SFRP1, percentage methylation was significantly higher in the rectum than in the right colon (P = 0.001). For each 10 years of age, we observed a 1.7% increase in methylation level for ERα and a 2.9% increase for SFRP1 (P < 0.0001). African Americans had a significantly lower level of ERα and SFRP1 methylation than Caucasians and Hispanics. Higher RBC folate levels were associated with higher levels of both ERα (P = 0.03) and SFRP1 methylation (P = 0.01). Our results suggest that CGI methylation in normal colorectal mucosa is related to advancing age, race, rectal location, and RBC folate levels. These data have important implications regarding the safety of supplementary folate administration in healthy adults, given the hypothesis that methylation in normal mucosa may predispose to colorectal neoplasia.