11月2日,《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志》上的一則研究披露,，每周飲3至6杯酒精性飲料與乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的小幅增加有關(guān)，而在早期和后期成年階段飲酒也都與該風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加有關(guān),。
根據(jù)文章的背景資料：“許多研究顯示，較多地飲用酒精性飲料與乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加有關(guān)系,。然而,，在美國常見的少量飲酒的影響一直沒有得到良好的量化。此外,，人們對(duì)飲酒模式（如飲酒的頻度及‘狂飲’）以及在成年后的不同時(shí)期飲酒所起的作用也不甚了解,。”
波士頓布里格姆及婦女醫(yī)院和哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的Wendy Y. Chen, M.D., M.P.H.及其同事對(duì)乳腺癌與成年時(shí)飲酒之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了檢查，其中包括飲酒的量,、頻度及飲酒的年齡,。這項(xiàng)研究包括了10萬又5986位參加護(hù)士健康研究的婦女，對(duì)她們所做的追蹤有成年早期的飲酒評(píng)估以及8項(xiàng)更新的飲酒評(píng)估,，時(shí)間是從1980年直到2008年,。研究人員所測(cè)定的初步結(jié)果為發(fā)生浸潤性乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
在隨訪期間,，該研究的參與者中有7690人被診斷罹患浸潤性乳腺癌,。數(shù)據(jù)分析表明，低度飲酒（每天酒精攝入量5.0 至 9.9克,，相當(dāng)于每周飲酒3-6玻璃杯）與乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加15%有關(guān),，這種相關(guān)度雖小但卻有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上的顯著性。另外,，平均每日攝入至少30克酒精（每日至少2杯酒）的女性與從來不飲酒的婦女相比,，其罹患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了51%。
研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),，當(dāng)單獨(dú)檢測(cè)時(shí),，在18至40歲期間及在40歲后的飲酒水平都與罹患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)具有很強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性。在成年早期飲酒與乳腺癌的相關(guān)性甚至?xí)掷m(xù)到在40歲后開始控制酒精攝入之后,。
在對(duì)累積酒精攝入量進(jìn)行校正之后,，狂飲但非頻繁性飲酒也與罹患乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加有關(guān),。
文章的作者補(bǔ)充說，雖然飲酒與乳腺癌之間的關(guān)聯(lián)的確切機(jī)制尚不清楚,，但一個(gè)可能的解釋也許涉及到酒精對(duì)循環(huán)雌激素水平的影響,。
研究人員寫道：“總之，我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)大型的前瞻性群組研究中對(duì)酒精攝入的時(shí)間,、頻度,、數(shù)量及飲酒的類型與乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)系提供了一個(gè)全面的評(píng)估。該研究含有乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子的詳細(xì)資訊,。我們的結(jié)果凸顯了在評(píng)估酒精以及其它可能對(duì)致癌過程有影響的飲食因子時(shí),，需要考慮一生中對(duì)這些因子的接觸總體重要性。然而,，個(gè)人則需要對(duì)輕度至中度飲酒會(huì)有發(fā)生乳腺癌的少量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及其對(duì)心血管疾病所具有的有利影響進(jìn)行斟酌以做出有關(guān)飲酒的最佳的個(gè)人選擇,。”(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1590
PMC:
PMID:
Moderate Alcohol Consumption During Adult Life, Drinking Patterns, and Breast Cancer Risk
Wendy Y. Chen, MD, MPH; Bernard Rosner, PhD; Susan E. Hankinson, ScD; Graham A. Colditz, MD, DrPH; Walter C. Willett, MD, DrPH
Context Multiple studies have linked alcohol consumption to breast cancer risk, but the risk of lower levels of consumption has not been well quantified. In addition, the role of drinking patterns (ie, frequency of drinking and “binge” drinking) and consumption at different times of adult life are not well understood.
Objective To evaluate the association of breast cancer with alcohol consumption during adult life, including quantity, frequency, and age at consumption.
Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective observational study of 105 986 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study followed up from 1980 until 2008 with an early adult alcohol assessment and 8 updated alcohol assessments.
Main Outcome Measures Relative risks of developing invasive breast cancer.
Results During 2.4 million person-years of follow-up, 7690 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. Increasing alcohol consumption was associated with increased breast cancer risk that was statistically significant at levels as low as 5.0 to 9.9 g per day, equivalent to 3 to 6 drinks per week (relative risk, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.24; 333 cases/100 000 person-years). Binge drinking, but not frequency of drinking, was associated with breast cancer risk after controlling for cumulative alcohol intake. Alcohol intake both earlier and later in adult life was independently associated with risk.
Conclusions Low levels of alcohol consumption were associated with a small increase in breast cancer risk, with the most consistent measure being cumulative alcohol intake throughout adult life. Alcohol intake both earlier and later in adult life was independently associated with risk.
