美國研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,癌細胞生長能量源自機體回收利用蛋白質(zhì)的過程。小鼠實驗顯示,,阻斷這一過程,,腫瘤開始萎縮,癌細胞幾乎不再轉(zhuǎn)移,。這項研究有助開發(fā)治癌新藥,,關(guān)鍵是如何有選擇地抑制機體回收利用蛋白質(zhì)。
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研究人員先前知道,,癌細胞需要耗用大量葡萄糖,,作為支撐非正常快速生長和分裂的能量,,卻不清楚癌細胞如何獲取所需能量,。
最新研究顯示,癌細胞以加快細胞自噬方式獲取能量,。細胞自噬是機體一種重要防御和保護機制,,是把受損、變性或衰老的蛋白質(zhì)以及細胞器運輸至溶酶體,,繼而消化降解的過程,。
耶希瓦大學愛因斯坦醫(yī)學院發(fā)展分子生物學教授安娜·庫埃沃告訴記者:“溶酶體不僅是垃圾箱,更像小型回收站,。在那里,,細胞殘骸轉(zhuǎn)變成能量。癌細胞似乎知道如何優(yōu)化這一進程,,以獲取所需能量,。”
庫埃沃及其同事在40多種人體肺部、乳腺和肝臟腫瘤細胞中發(fā)現(xiàn),,分子伴侶介導的自噬水平高于正常狀態(tài),而腫瘤周邊正常組織的這一類型自噬處于水平正常,。
抑自噬
“我們改變基因,,阻斷這一回收利用進程,癌細胞隨即停止分裂,,大部分死亡,,”庫埃沃說,“我們還把這種方法運用于小鼠,,結(jié)果小鼠的腫瘤顯著萎縮,,幾乎完全停止轉(zhuǎn)移。”
研究人員認為,有選擇地阻斷癌細胞分子伴侶介導的自噬可能成為縮小腫瘤,、阻止癌細胞轉(zhuǎn)移的“有效策略”,。
庫埃沃說:“今后研究中,我們希望開發(fā)藥物,,以實現(xiàn)操縱基因達成的效果,;我們同時將繼續(xù)探索如何用基因操縱手段治療不同類型的肺癌。”
阻轉(zhuǎn)移
這項研究所獲結(jié)果由最新一期美國《科學—轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學》Science Translational Medicine 雜志發(fā)表,。
美國科羅拉多大學的安德魯·索伯恩教授和加利福尼亞大學舊金山分校的賈延塔·德布納特認為,,研究結(jié)果“激動人心”。
他們說,,分子伴侶介導的自噬抑制劑可能有助治療癌癥,,因為它們可能抑制腫瘤生長,弱化癌細胞轉(zhuǎn)移能力,。
不過,,索伯恩和德布納特說,迄今為止,,“就選擇地抑制病患體內(nèi)分子伴侶介導的自噬,,沒有可行方法”。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003182
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Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Is Required for Tumor Growth
Maria Kon1, Roberta Kiffin1, Hiroshi Koga1, Javier Chapochnick2, Fernando Macian3,4, Lyuba Varticovski5 and Ana Maria Cuervo1,4,6,*
The cellular process of autophagy (literally “self-eating”) is important for maintaining the homeostasis and bioenergeticsof mammalian cells. Two of the best-studied mechanisms of autophagy are macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA).Changes in macroautophagy activity have been described in cancer cells and in solid tumors, and inhibition of macroautophagypromotes tumorigenesis. Because normal cells respond to inhibition of macroautophagy by up-regulation of the CMA pathway,we aimed to characterize the CMA status in different cancer cells and to determine the contribution of changes in CMA to tumorigenesis.Here, we show consistent up-regulation of CMA in different types of cancer cells regardless of the status of macroautophagy.We also demonstrate an increase in CMA components in human cancers of different types and origins. CMA is required for cancercell proliferation in vitro because it contributes to the maintenance of the metabolic alterations characteristic of malignantcells. Using human lung cancer xenografts in mice, we confirmed the CMA dependence of cancer cells in vivo. Inhibition ofCMA delays xenograft tumor growth, reduces the number of cancer metastases, and induces regression of existing human lungcancer xenografts in mice. The fact that similar manipulations of CMA also reduce tumor growth of two different melanoma celllines suggests that targeting this autophagic pathway may have broad antitumorigenic potential.