一種用于治療精神分裂癥的抗精神病的藥物通過幫助癌癥干細胞分化成威脅性較低的細胞類型,似乎也作用于癌癥干細胞,。5月24日的Cell雜志上刊登的一則研究報道:為了尋找能選擇性地抑制人類癌癥干細胞,,研究人員篩選了數(shù)百種化合物,,這一研究成果可能會很快走上臨床試驗。
麥克馬斯特大學Mickie Bhatia,,論文的主要作者說:你必須找到那些能真正選擇性作用于癌癥干細胞的藥物,,我們研究工作進行一段時間后,,發(fā)現(xiàn)很難找到確切的物質(zhì)。
近30年以來,,癌癥患者的生存很大程度上是不變的,。通過解決數(shù)量上少以及化療耐藥的腫瘤干細胞,很多人相信癌癥治療會取得更大成就,。
與正常的干細胞不一樣,,癌癥干細胞分化成穩(wěn)定地、未分化的細胞類型的趨勢不明顯,。Bhatia的研究小組利用癌癥干細胞的這種差異性,,進行了活性化合物的篩選工作。
通過測試數(shù)百種化合物,,他們確定了近20個潛在的癌癥干細胞特異性藥物,。其中一個似乎最有前途的就是抗精神病藥物——硫利達嗪。硫利達嗪是眾所周知的針對大腦中的多巴胺受體,,治療精神分裂癥的藥物,。這種藥物不會殺死癌癥干細胞,但卻能促進干細胞分化,,從而耗盡細胞的自我更新,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),硫利達嗪在殺死白血病干細胞的同時,,而不影響正常的血液干細胞,。通過比較白血病與正常血細胞的蛋白質(zhì),研究人員解釋這一藥物的特異性,。白血病細胞在其表面表達多巴胺受體,,但正常的造血干細胞不表達。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)多巴胺受體也在一些乳腺癌干細胞上表達,。
Bhatia說,,這提示我們多巴胺受體可能作為腫瘤干細胞的生物標志物。
鑒于研究結(jié)果,,Bhatia的團隊正申請一項旨在FDA批準的硫利達嗪與標準抗癌藥物相結(jié)合的治療成人急性髓細胞性白血病的臨床試驗,。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.049
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Identification of Drugs Including a Dopamine Receptor Antagonist that Selectively Target Cancer Stem Cells
Eleftherios Sachlos, Ruth M. Risue?o, Sarah Laronde, Zoya Shapovalova, Jong-Hee Lee, Jennifer Russell, Monika Malig, Jamie D. McNicol, Aline Fiebig-Comyn, Monica Graham, Marilyne Levadoux-Martin, Jung Bok Lee, Andrew O. Giacomelli, John A. Hassell, Daniela Fischer-Russell, Michael R. Trus, Ronan Foley, Brian Leber, Anargyros Xenocostas, Eric D. Brown, Tony J. Collins, Mickie Bhatia.
Selective targeting of cancer stem cells (CSCs) offers promise for a new generation of therapeutics. However, assays for both human CSCs and normal stem cells that are amenable to robust biological screens are limited. Using a discovery platform that reveals differences between neoplastic and normal human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), we identify small molecules from libraries of known compounds that induce differentiation to overcome neoplastic self-renewal. Surprisingly, thioridazine, an antipsychotic drug, selectively targets the neoplastic cells, and impairs human somatic CSCs capable of in vivo leukemic disease initiation while having no effect on normal blood SCs. The drug antagonizes dopamine receptors that are expressed on CSCs and on breast cancer cells as well. These results suggest that dopamine receptors may serve as a biomarker for diverse malignancies, demonstrate the utility of using neoplastic hPSCs for identifying CSC-targeting drugs, and provide support for the use of differentiation as a therapeutic strategy.