近日,,來自斯坦福大學等處的研究者通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了常見的兒童腦瘤-髓母細胞瘤相關(guān)的基因突變,,這就為相關(guān)的疾病治療提供了一定的治療建議,,相關(guān)研究成果刊登在了國際著名雜志Nature上,。
研究者Yoon表示,,我們希望將髓母細胞瘤視為一種常見的疾病,,而不是在分子水平來考慮如何治療這種腫瘤,。這種疾病起源于小腦,,每年在美國影響很多兒童的健康,,當前的療法通過盡可能去除腦部的腫瘤來進行治療,,隨后病人會進行發(fā)射化療法,,但是這種療法并不是專門針對這種腫瘤的遺傳特性的,。
研究者從92份髓母細胞瘤中提取了其DNA,,并且將提取出的DNA與相同病人的血型進行配對,,隨后研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)了12個遺傳密碼的點突變,,這種突變在大腦中經(jīng)常發(fā)生,。其中有些突變在以前的髓母細胞瘤研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)過,,但是有一些突變以前并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)過,。其中有一種突變是在RNA解旋酶基因DDX3X上,研究者表示,,這是髓母細胞瘤常見的第二大突變,,而且目前在諸如慢性淋巴細胞白血病等疾病中也發(fā)現(xiàn)該基因的突變,。
然而研究者表示,在不同的腫瘤病人中相同的基因突變很少,,非常罕見。盡管沒有單一的腫瘤同時攜帶了所發(fā)現(xiàn)的12種突變,,但是研究者將其進行了分類,,目前研究者表示他們可以理解為什么攜帶有特定遺傳特性的特定腫瘤對標準的療法具有極強的耐藥性。2/3的髓母細胞瘤病人在診斷出疾病后僅僅能存活5年,,許多病人經(jīng)歷著長期療法所帶來的物理和智力負面效應,。
研究者Cho表示,其中一些突變可以影響細胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導,,因此,,研究者表示,,這些信號轉(zhuǎn)導途徑可以作為新的抗癌藥物的新靶點,的確,,以某種途徑為靶點的藥物目前正在進行臨床前的研發(fā),。相關(guān)研究成果由國立健康中心支持,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
編譯自:Genetic Mutations That Cause Common Childhood Brain Tumors Identified
doi:10.1038/nature11329
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PMID:
Medulloblastoma exome sequencing uncovers subtype-specific somatic mutations
Trevor J. Pugh, Shyamal Dilhan Weeraratne, Tenley C. Archer, Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel, Daniel Auclair, James Bochicchio, Mauricio O. Carneiro, Scott L. Carter, Kristian Cibulskis, Rachel L. Erlich, Heidi Greulich, Michael S. Lawrence, Niall J. Lennon, Aaron McKenna, James Meldrim, Alex H. Ramos, Michael G. Ross, Carsten Russ, Erica Shefler, Andrey Sivachenko, Brian Sogoloff, Petar Stojanov, Pablo Tamayo, Jill P. Mesirov, Vladimir Amani et al.
Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumours in children1. Identifying and understanding the genetic events that drive these tumours is critical for the development of more effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. Recently, our group and others described distinct molecular subtypes of medulloblastoma on the basis of transcriptional and copy number profiles2, 3, 4, 5. Here we use whole-exome hybrid capture and deep sequencing to identify somatic mutations across the coding regions of 92 primary medulloblastoma/normal pairs. Overall, medulloblastomas have low mutation rates consistent with other paediatric tumours, with a median of 0.35 non-silent mutations per megabase. We identified twelve genes mutated at statistically significant frequencies, including previously known mutated genes in medulloblastoma such as CTNNB1, PTCH1, MLL2, SMARCA4 and TP53. Recurrent somatic mutations were newly identified in an RNA helicase gene, DDX3X, often concurrent with CTNNB1 mutations, and in the nuclear co-repressor (N-CoR) complex genes GPS2, BCOR and LDB1. We show that mutant DDX3X potentiates transactivation of a TCF promoter and enhances cell viability in combination with mutant, but not wild-type, β-catenin. Together, our study reveals the alteration of WNT, hedgehog, histone methyltransferase and now N-CoR pathways across medulloblastomas and within specific subtypes of this disease, and nominates the RNA helicase DDX3X as a component of pathogenic β-catenin signalling in medulloblastoma.