近日,Vanderbilt-Ingram癌癥中心研究人員已經(jīng)確定肺癌中最常見的基因是如何突導(dǎo)致這種腫瘤的,。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)基因編碼的蛋白質(zhì)叫做EPHA3,,通常是能抑制腫瘤形成的,,但該基因缺失或基因突變 時(shí), EPHA3往往會(huì)促進(jìn)肺癌的發(fā)生,。 7月24日J(rèn)ournal of the National Cancer Institute雜志發(fā)表的調(diào)查結(jié)果,,提供個(gè)性化的癌癥治療方法和新療法的發(fā)展方向。
Ephrin受體家族(Eph受體)調(diào)節(jié)正常發(fā)育和疾病過程中細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞之間的溝通,。Eph受體突變與幾種不同類型的癌癥有關(guān),。醫(yī)學(xué)教授、腫瘤生物學(xué)家Jin Chen醫(yī)學(xué)博士主要研究這些與癌癥相關(guān)受體的作用,。雖然她的實(shí)驗(yàn)室主要集中EphA2(其在促進(jìn)乳腺癌和腫瘤血管形成中的作用),,但近來她決定尋找肺腫瘤中Ephrin基因組的不同。2008年在Nature雜志上發(fā)表的全基因組研究確定了26個(gè)基因作為肺癌的潛在促進(jìn)因子,,其中一個(gè)就是EPHA3,。這項(xiàng)研究提示目前5%至10%的肺腺癌存在EPHA3突變。然而,,這些研究并沒有證實(shí)這些突變可能促進(jìn)腫瘤的形成或惡化,。
Chen進(jìn)一步調(diào)查是否EPHA3突變能促進(jìn)腫瘤的生長。Chen和他的同事確定正?;?ldquo;野生型”EPHA3能抑制下游的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路(Akt途徑),,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞的存活。因此,,通常EPHA3的激活作為一個(gè)“剎車”能阻止細(xì)胞的生長和生存,,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞程序死亡(凋亡),。當(dāng)一個(gè)EPHA3等位基因丟失(突變)后,該受體不能被激活,,但Akt的途徑可以被激活,,從而促進(jìn)細(xì)胞生長和存活。
為了確定EPHA3突變對人類肺癌病例的影響,,生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家Yu Shyr博士等共同發(fā)現(xiàn)肺腫瘤患者體內(nèi)EPHA3基因和蛋白水平都是減少的,。總之,,調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示EPHA3突變可能是肺癌的重要驅(qū)動(dòng)力,。研究小組證實(shí)靶向下游通路(如Akt)可能對EPHA3突變的腫瘤是有益的。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
編譯自:Mechanism of Lung Cancer-Associated Mutations Suggests New Therapeutic Approaches
doi:10.1093/jnci/djs297
PMC:
PMID:
Effects of Cancer-Associated EPHA3 Mutations on Lung Cancer
G. Zhuang, W. Song, K. Amato, Y. Hwang, K. Lee, M. Boothby, F. Ye, Y. Guo, Y. Shyr, L. Lin, D. P. Carbone, D. M. Brantley-Sieders, J. Chen.
The investigators found that the protein encoded by this gene, called EPHA3, normally inhibits tumor formation, and that loss or mutation of the gene -- as often happens in lung cancer -- diminishes this tumor-suppressive effect, potentially sparking the formation of lung cancer. The findings, published July 24 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, could offer direction for personalizing cancer treatments and development of new therapies.
The ephrin family of receptors (EPH receptors) comprises a large group of cell surface proteins that regulate cell-to-cell communication in normal development and disease. EPH receptor mutations have been linked to several different cancer types.