身體有一個(gè)內(nèi)置的自食稱為自噬或系統(tǒng)控制細(xì)胞生或死的系統(tǒng),。自噬過程的失調(diào)與人類疾病包括神經(jīng)變性和癌癥的發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。
近日,,在Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究,,牛津路德維格癌癥研究學(xué)會(huì)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)自噬的關(guān)鍵分子開關(guān)。他們還研究了自噬和衰老永久即細(xì)胞停止生長之間的聯(lián)系,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)一種腫瘤抑制基因ASPP2作為一種分子開關(guān),,可以決定常見的癌基因RAS癌基因停止或促進(jìn)衰老的能力。
路德維希研究所Xin Lu研究團(tuán)隊(duì)Yihua Wang研究人員調(diào)查成纖維細(xì)胞的生命周期,,一種在動(dòng)物中最常見的結(jié)締組織細(xì)胞,。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)降低ASPP2蛋白導(dǎo)致RAS癌基因誘導(dǎo)自噬活動(dòng)能力增加,而這會(huì)阻止細(xì)胞進(jìn)入衰老,。但ASPP2不存在的話,,細(xì)胞會(huì)持續(xù)增殖不加以控制,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤的生長,。
ASPP2是眾所周知的能抑制腫瘤的發(fā)展,。這種蛋白質(zhì)缺陷或喪失功能的老鼠不會(huì)發(fā)展患上腫瘤。ASPP2低水平的癌癥患者如大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤等預(yù)后較差,。ASPP2表達(dá)減少也被觀察到在高度轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌腫瘤患者中出現(xiàn),。但是到現(xiàn)在為止,研究人員不明白這是為什么,。
研究員Yihua Wang表示:我們發(fā)現(xiàn),,常見的致癌RAS癌基因存在情況下,,ASPP2與通過自噬決定細(xì)胞命運(yùn)的蛋白質(zhì)復(fù)合體相互作用。
這意味著ASPP2表達(dá)減弱或消失時(shí),,細(xì)胞的生長“緊急停止按鈕”會(huì)被禁用,,允許細(xì)胞增殖,最終發(fā)展成腫瘤,。
RAS癌基因和ASPP2活性之間的平衡是決定細(xì)胞是否能向腫瘤細(xì)胞生長演變的關(guān)鍵,。我們下一步將是確定以何種方式來改變這個(gè)關(guān)鍵開關(guān)點(diǎn)ASPP2的活性。這可能是一個(gè)有效的方法來治療ASPP2表達(dá)減少和RAS突變的癌癥如乳腺癌和結(jié)腸癌,。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
編譯自:Molecular Switch Identified That Controls Key Cellular Process: Gives Insight Into Cancer
doi:10.1073/pnas.1120193109
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Autophagic activity dictates the cellular response to oncogenic RAS
Yihua Wanga, Xiao Dan Wanga, Eleonora Lapia, Alexandra Sullivana,et al.
RAS is frequently mutated in human cancers and has opposing effects on autophagy and tumorigenesis. Identifying determinants of the cellular responses to RAS is therefore vital in cancer research. Here, we show that autophagic activity dictates the cellular response to oncogenic RAS. N-terminal Apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) mediates RAS-induced senescence and inhibits autophagy. Oncogenic RAS-expressing ASPP2(Δ3/Δ3) mouse embryonic fibroblasts that escape senescence express a high level of ATG5/ATG12. Consistent with the notion that autophagy levels control the cellular response to oncogenic RAS, overexpressing ATG5, but not autophagy-deficient ATG5 mutant K130R, bypasses RAS-induced senescence, whereas ATG5 or ATG3 deficiency predisposes to it. Mechanistically, ASPP2 inhibits RAS-induced autophagy by competing with ATG16 to bind ATG5/ATG12 and preventing ATG16/ATG5/ATG12 formation. Hence, ASPP2 modulates oncogenic RAS-induced autophagic activity to dictate the cellular response to RAS: to proliferate or senesce.