來自英國劍橋大學癌癥研究中心的研究人員對90名II期腸癌患者腫瘤樣本的分析發(fā)現:他們可以將這些腫瘤樣品分為三個不同的亞類型.隨后,他們開發(fā)了一組(共146個)能夠區(qū)分這些亞類型的基因,并進一步對1100例患者的腫瘤樣本進行了分析,結果證實確有三個不同的腸癌亞類型.
其中有兩個亞類型是已知的,但超過四分之一的患者患上一種未知的腸癌亞類型,這種新型的腸癌以前從來沒有被單獨分出來過.并且患上這種腸癌的患者的病況可能會比其他兩種更為嚴重.不僅如此,這種腫瘤的侵略性更強且對西妥昔單抗(Cetuximab)具有更強的耐受性.西妥昔單抗是由英國癌癥研究中心的科學家于20世紀80年代發(fā)現的一種針對EGFR的單克隆抗體,其與EGFR結合可以阻斷腫瘤細胞信號傳導并促進受體內部化及降解.
進一步的實驗表明,新發(fā)現的這種腸腫瘤亞類型以不同于另外兩種的方式進行擴散,這就解釋了為什么它們具有更強的侵略性.基于此,研究人員迫切的需要對這種新型腫瘤做進一步研究,以了解這個特定的腸癌亞類型并開發(fā)出新的治療藥物.
該項研究的領導者Louis Vermeulen博士說:“我們是通過研究腫瘤樣品細胞的基因的行為發(fā)現這種新的腸癌亞類型的,這種方法能使我們快速簡便檢測到這種腫瘤.當我們進一步研究如何區(qū)分這三個亞類型的時候,我們發(fā)現,第三種亞類型從癌癥的早期就開始擴散,而另外兩種腫瘤的擴散發(fā)生在晚期,因此,我們推測不同亞類型之間的差異可能源于腫瘤細胞的來源而不是特定的突變位點.”
英國癌癥研究中心臨床研究主任Kate Law說:“四月是腸癌的高發(fā)期,在過去的40年里,結腸癌患者的存活率翻了一番,這主要是由于我們對腸癌做了大量的研究并對這種疾病有了更深入地了解,今后,像這樣的揭示癌癥本質的研究必不可少的,這樣我們就能采取更加個性化的方法來治療癌癥并且更早地開發(fā)出治療癌癥的方法.”(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nm.3174
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Poor-prognosis colon cancer is defined by a molecularly distinct subtype and develops from serrated precursor lesions
Felipe De Sousa E Melo,Xin Wang,Marnix Jansen,Evelyn Fessler,Anne Trinh,Laura P M H de Rooij,Joan H de Jong,Onno J de Boer,Ronald van Leersum,Maarten F Bijlsma,Hans Rodermond,Maartje van der Heijden,Carel J M van Noesel,Jurriaan B Tuynman,Evelien Dekker,Florian Markowetz,Jan Paul Medema& Louis Vermeulen
Colon cancer is a clinically diverse disease. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to determine which patients will benefit most from adjuvant therapy and impedes the development of new targeted agents1. More insight into the biological diversity of colon cancers, especially in relation to clinical features, is therefore needed. We demonstrate, using an unsupervised classification strategy involving over 1,100 individuals with colon cancer, that three main molecularly distinct subtypes can be recognized. Two subtypes have been previously identified and are well characterized (chromosomal-instable and microsatellite-instable cancers)2. The third subtype is largely microsatellite stable and contains relatively more CpG island methylator phenotype–positive carcinomas but cannot be identified on the basis of characteristic mutations. We provide evidence that this subtype relates to sessile-serrated adenomas, which show highly similar gene expression profiles, including upregulation of genes involved in matrix remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The identification of this subtype is crucial, as it has a very unfavorable prognosis and, moreover, is refractory to epidermal growth factor receptor–targeted therapy.