2008年12月11日,,北京生命科學(xué)研究所柴繼杰實(shí)驗(yàn)室在Cell Host & Microbe雜志上發(fā)表了題為 “Structural Basis for Activation and Inhibition of the Secreted Chlamydia Protease CPAF”的論文,,報(bào)道了CPAF在酶原狀態(tài)、成熟狀態(tài),、以及其和蛋白酶體抑制劑lactacystin復(fù)合物三種狀態(tài)下的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),。
衣原體是普遍存在細(xì)胞內(nèi)的病原體,而且許多種屬能導(dǎo)致人類廣泛感染致病,。這些病癥包括全球超過9千萬人由于眼上皮細(xì)胞感染衣原體導(dǎo)致的可預(yù)防的失明,,以及泌尿系統(tǒng)上皮細(xì)胞感染引起的性病。盡管衣原體引起如此嚴(yán)重的健康問題,,但人們其病原發(fā)生機(jī)理卻不清楚,。目前已知衣原體為了在感染宿主內(nèi)生存,進(jìn)化出多種策略來逃避宿主免疫識(shí)別以及免疫反應(yīng),,其中包括通過抑制Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)抗原表達(dá)以及抑制受感染細(xì)胞凋亡來逃避宿主免疫識(shí)別以及反應(yīng),,而衣原體毒性蛋白CPAF (Chlamydial Protease/Proteasome-like Activity Factor)被證明在感染細(xì)胞內(nèi)降解包括MHC轉(zhuǎn)錄因子RFX5、上游刺激因子1(USF-1),、廣譜的BH3-only前凋亡蛋白Puma等宿主蛋白,,以抑制宿主免疫識(shí)別以及免疫反應(yīng)。衣原體蛋白酶(體)樣活性因子CPAF是一類序列功能都很保守的分子,,它在所有種的衣原體感染宿主后都有表達(dá),,并顯示出相似的蛋白酶活性。CPAF通過降解上面提及的多種宿主蛋白從而使得衣原體能夠逃避宿主免疫識(shí)別,,并且能夠在受感染宿主細(xì)胞中順利生存繁殖,。
在這項(xiàng)研究中,報(bào)道了CPAF在酶原狀態(tài),、成熟狀態(tài),、以及其和蛋白酶體抑制劑lactacystin復(fù)合物三種狀態(tài)下的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)比較和生化實(shí)驗(yàn)表明CPAF是一個(gè)由水分子介導(dǎo)的催化三元體組成的新型絲氨酸蛋白酶,。CPAF酶原結(jié)構(gòu)顯示其活性位點(diǎn)被inhibitory segment的C端部分包圍,,同時(shí)其N端的存在使得CPAF維持在單體狀態(tài),CPAF通過在蛋白分子內(nèi)部逐步的蛋白酶剪切,,從而移除那些結(jié)合在活性中心以及維持CPAF單體狀態(tài)的inhibitory segment而被激活,,同時(shí)剪切后形成的分子間二聚體引發(fā)的水分子介導(dǎo)的催化三元體的組裝使得CPAF完全激活,并具有蛋白酶活性,。盡管CPAF和蛋白酶體結(jié)構(gòu)上并不相關(guān),,但它們識(shí)別Lactacystin的方式卻相當(dāng)保守。這說明CPAF模仿蛋白酶體對(duì)Lactacystin的結(jié)合方式,。這些結(jié)果不僅揭示了Lactacystin抑制CPAF活性的分子機(jī)理,,而且第一次給出了Lactacystin除了抑制蛋白酶體外還能抑制其他蛋白酶的證據(jù),。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果闡明了CPAF蛋白酶的活化、催化以及Lactacystin抑制的機(jī)理,,同時(shí)為以后理性設(shè)計(jì)小分子藥物治療衣原體引起的許多疾病提供結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ),。
黃志偉博士為本論文第一作者,論文的其他作者還有本所馮英才,、吳曉靜,、黃思揚(yáng)、肖興國,、李文輝博士,、黃牛博士、谷立川博士,,以及德州大學(xué)的Ding chen和Guangming Zhong博士,。柴繼杰博士為本文通訊作者。
此項(xiàng)研究為科技部863和北京市科委資助課題,,實(shí)驗(yàn)全部在北京生命科學(xué)研究所完成,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Cell Host & Microbe,11 December 2008 doi:10.1016/j.chom.2008.10.005
Structural Basis for Activation and Inhibition of the Secreted Chlamydia Protease CPAF
Zhiwei Huang1,2,Yingcai Feng2,Ding Chen3,Xiaojing Wu2,Siyang Huang2,Xiaojun Wang2,Xingguo Xiao1,Wenhui Li2,Niu Huang2,Lichuan Gu4,Guangming Zhong3andJijie Chai2,,
1 College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
2 National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
4 State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
Summary
The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of sexually transmitted bacterial disease. It secretes a protease known as chlamydial protease/proteasome-like activity factor (CPAF) that degrades many host molecules and plays a major role in Chlamydia pathogenesis. Here, we show that mature CPAF isa homodimer of the catalytic domains, each of which comprises two distinct subunits. Dormancy of the CPAF zymogen is maintained by an internal inhibitory segment that binds the CPAF active site and blocks its homodimerization. CPAF activation is initiated by trans-autocatalytic cleavage, which induces homodimerization and conformational changes that assemble the catalytic triad. This assembly leads to two autocatalytic cleavages and removal of the inhibitory segment, enabling full CPAF activity. CPAF is covalently bound and inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. These results reveal the activation mechanism of the CPAF serine protease and suggest new opportunities for anti-Chlamydia drug development.