電影中常有這樣的鏡頭,，在一個(gè)人集中精力準(zhǔn)備做某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前,，比如棒球手準(zhǔn)備擊球時(shí)，包括飛來的球在內(nèi)的整個(gè)世界都變慢了,，直到球手一擊成功,。英國一項(xiàng)研究顯示，我們的大腦的確有在這種情況下主觀感知“時(shí)間變慢”的情況,。
英國倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院等機(jī)構(gòu)的研究人員在學(xué)術(shù)刊物《皇家學(xué)會學(xué)報(bào)Ｂ》上報(bào)告說,，曾有不少專業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員描述過這種“時(shí)間變慢”的經(jīng)歷，即在他們擊球之前,，感覺飛來的球變得慢了下來,。為了探索這是不是一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象，研究人員設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)試驗(yàn),。
在試驗(yàn)中,，56名志愿者盯著屏幕，在屏幕上出現(xiàn)一個(gè)視覺信號時(shí),，伸手觸摸屏幕或是按下一個(gè)按鈕,，這兩者的區(qū)別在于前者是一個(gè)幅度較大的動(dòng)作。受試者在完成動(dòng)作后,，需要報(bào)告他們認(rèn)為屏幕上的視覺信號持續(xù)了多長時(shí)間,。
結(jié)果顯示，在伸手觸摸屏幕前出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)信號,，被普遍認(rèn)為持續(xù)的時(shí)間更長,。也就是說，在集中精力準(zhǔn)備伸手觸摸這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前,，人們普遍經(jīng)歷了主觀上的“時(shí)間變慢”,。并且人們越是聚精會神準(zhǔn)備，所經(jīng)歷的“時(shí)間變慢”現(xiàn)象就越明顯,。
對于這種現(xiàn)象背后的原因,，研究人員推測認(rèn)為，人們在集中精力做準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)候,，大腦會收到并處理更多的視覺信息,，短時(shí)間內(nèi)信息量的增加使得人們主觀上產(chǎn)生了“時(shí)間變慢”的感覺,。
研究人員說，大腦的這種感覺對許多運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說是很重要的,，比如在球高速飛來的時(shí)候,，很可能會因氣流變化而在最后一秒鐘改變路線，這時(shí)擊球者大腦在主觀上把“時(shí)間變慢”,，就更可能及時(shí)調(diào)整身體動(dòng)作,。
研究人員表示，這種現(xiàn)象在運(yùn)動(dòng)員當(dāng)中可能更明顯,，接下來他們將試圖聯(lián)系一些運(yùn)動(dòng)員,，開展更深入的研究。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1339
PMC:
PMID:
Ready steady slow: action preparation slows the subjective passage of time
Nobuhiro Hagura1,2,*, Ryota Kanai1, Guido Orgs1 and Patrick Haggard1
Professional ball game players report the feeling of the ball ‘slowing-down’ before hitting it. Because effective motor preparation is critical in achieving such expert motor performance, these anecdotal comments imply that the subjective passage of time may be influenced by preparation for action. Previous reports of temporal illusions associated with action generally emphasize compensation for suppressed sensory signals that accompany motor commands. Here, we show that the time is perceived slowed-down during preparation of a ballistic reaching movement before action, involving enhancement of sensory processing. Preparing for a reaching movement increased perceived duration of a visual stimulus. This effect was tightly linked to action preparation, because the amount of temporal dilation increased with the information about the upcoming movement. Furthermore, we showed a reduction of perceived frequency for flickering stimuli and an enhanced detection of rapidly presented letters during action preparation, suggesting increased temporal resolution of visual perception during action preparation. We propose that the temporal dilation during action preparation reflects the function of the brain to maximize the capacity of sensory information-acquisition prior to execution of a ballistic movement. This strategy might facilitate changing or inhibiting the planned action in response to last-minute changes in the external environment.
