近日,，紐約大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童和青少年肥胖與體內(nèi)高水平的雙酚A（BPA）有關(guān)，相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在9月19日的JAMA上,。歐盟認(rèn)為含BPA奶瓶會誘發(fā)性早熟,，從2011年3月2日起，禁止含生產(chǎn)化學(xué)物質(zhì)BPA的嬰兒奶瓶,。
雙酚A,，在工業(yè)上被用來合成聚碳酸酯（PC）和環(huán)氧樹脂等材料。20世紀(jì)60年代以來就被用于制造塑料（奶）瓶,、幼兒用的吸口杯,、食品和飲料（奶粉）罐內(nèi)側(cè)涂層。BPA無處不在,，從礦泉水瓶,、醫(yī)療器械到及食品包裝的內(nèi)里，都有它的身影,。
每年,，全世界生產(chǎn)2700萬噸含有BPA的塑料。但BPA也能導(dǎo)致內(nèi)分泌失調(diào),，威脅著胎兒和兒童的健康,。心血管疾病、乳腺癌,、前列腺癌,、腦神經(jīng)失調(diào)、糖尿病和不孕不育癥也被認(rèn)為與此有關(guān),。
此項研究的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Leonardo Trasande說,，這是首次發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)境中的化學(xué)物與兒童和青少年肥胖有關(guān)。由此可見,，導(dǎo)致肥胖的不僅僅是不健康的飲食和缺乏運(yùn)動,。
據(jù)2003-2004年美國國家健康與營養(yǎng)檢驗調(diào)查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ，NHANES）,，92.6%的六歲及六歲以上的人尿液中檢測到BPA,。另一項綜合性的研究調(diào)查了灰塵、室內(nèi)和室外空氣,、學(xué)齡前兒童的食物等,，發(fā)現(xiàn)99%的BPA來源于食物,。
在2003-2008的 NHANES，共有3000個年齡在6-19歲的兒童和青少年參與,，研究人員測定他們尿液中的BPA和體重,，發(fā)現(xiàn)尿液BPA濃度最高者肥胖的可能性是最低者的2.6倍。尿液BPA濃度高的參與者肥胖比率達(dá)22.3%,，而尿液BPA濃度低的參與者肥胖比率為10.3%,。
此外，研究者也發(fā)現(xiàn)肥胖與消費(fèi)品中的其他酚類添加劑無關(guān),。Trasande說,， BPA大都來自鋁制易拉罐，去年FDA拒絕取消BPA在易拉罐和其他食品包裝中的使用,，認(rèn)為減少BPA應(yīng)采取合理的步驟,，但是目前似乎沒有必要再考慮這種化學(xué)物的安全性。（生物谷Bioon.com）
編譯自Higher levels of BPA in children and teens significantly associated with obesity
doi:10.1001/2012.jama.11461
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PMID:
Association Between Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration and Obesity Prevalence in Children and Adolescents
Leonardo Trasande, MD, MPP; Teresa M. Attina, MD, PhD, MPH; Jan Blustein, MD, PhD
Context Bisphenol A (BPA), a manufactured chemical, is found in canned food, polycarbonate-bottled liquids, and other consumer products. In adults, elevated urinary BPA concentrations are associated with obesity and incident coronary artery disease. BPA exposure is plausibly linked to childhood obesity, but evidence is lacking to date.
Objective To examine associations between urinary BPA concentration and body mass outcomes in children.
Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative subsample of 2838 participants aged 6 through 19 years randomly selected for measurement of urinary BPA concentration in the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
Main Outcome Measures Body mass index (BMI), converted to sex- and age-standardized z scores and used to classify participants as overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile for age/sex) or obese (BMI ≥95th percentile).
Results Median urinary BPA concentration was 2.8 ng/mL (interquartile range, 1.5-5.6). Of the participants, 1047 (34.1% [SE, 1.5%]) were overweight and 590 (17.8% [SE, 1.3%]) were obese. Controlling for race/ethnicity, age, caregiver education, poverty to income ratio, sex, serum cotinine level, caloric intake, television watching, and urinary creatinine level, children in the lowest urinary BPA quartile had a lower estimated prevalence of obesity (10.3% [95% CI, 7.5%-13.1%]) than those in quartiles 2 (20.1% [95% CI, 14.5%-25.6%]), 3 (19.0% [95% CI, 13.7%-24.2%]), and 4 (22.3% [95% CI, 16.6%-27.9%]). Similar patterns of association were found in multivariable analyses examining the association between quartiled urinary BPA concentration and BMI z score and in analyses that examined the logarithm of urinary BPA concentration and the prevalence of obesity. Obesity was not associated with exposure to other environmental phenols commonly used in other consumer products, such as sunscreens and soaps. In stratified analysis, significant associations between urinary BPA concentrations and obesity were found among whites (P < .001) but not among blacks or Hispanics.
Conclusions Urinary BPA concentration was significantly associated with obesity in this cross-sectional study of children and adolescents. Explanations of the association cannot rule out the possibility that obese children ingest food with higher BPA content or have greater adipose stores of BPA.
.Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture polycarbonate resin and is a breakdown product of coatings that prevent metal corrosion in food and beverage containers.1 In the US population, exposure is nearly ubiquitous, with 92.6% of persons 6 years or older identified in the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) as having detectable BPA levels in their urine.2 A comprehensive, cross-sectional study of dust, indoor and outdoor air, and solid and liquid food in preschool-aged children3 suggested that dietary sources constitute 99% of BPA exposure. BPA is rapidly excreted in urine, with a half-life in the range of 4 to 43 hours.4 - 5 However, BPA also has been detected in fat,6 and urinary BPA concentrations do not decline rapidly with fasting time, suggesting that the compound accumulates in fat and other physiologic compartments.4
.In experimental studies, BPA exposure has been shown to disrupt multiple metabolic mechanisms,7 - 8 suggesting that it may increase body mass in environmentally relevant doses9 - 10 and therefore contribute to obesity in humans. This possibility has recently been explored in adults. One cross-sectional study found an association between urinary BPA concentration and increased risk of obesity in adults in the US population, using the NHANES.11 Other studies have demonstrated associations between urinary BPA concentration and adult diabetes, cardiovascular diagnoses, and abnormalities in liver function.12 - 13 A longitudinal study of apparently healthy adults showed an association between baseline urinary BPA concentration and later-life coronary artery disease.14
.The special vulnerability of children to environmental chemicals15 amplifies concerns about BPA exposure in this population. Although obesity reflects individual behaviors, the built environment, and possibly synthetic chemical obesogens, prior studies have heavily emphasized the first 2 of these factors rather than the third.16
.We therefore examined urinary BPA concentrations and body mass outcomes in 6- to 19-year-olds in the 2003-2008 NHANES
