據臺灣《醒報》報道,德國科學家利用高速攝影機觀察跑動中的老鼠眼部運動,,發(fā)現(xiàn)老鼠兩顆眼睛可同時看不同方向事物,,也就是說,當老鼠在跑動時,,不僅可以偵測上方動靜,還可以注意前方一舉一動,。
科學家認為,,老鼠獨特的眼睛移動方式,就是為了觀察上方鳥類的動靜,,避免遭到攻擊,。
德國“馬克斯普朗克生物模控學研究所”科學家將小型高速攝影機裝在老鼠頭上,,觀察老鼠眼睛移動,,另一部攝影機則觀察老鼠頭部移動,藉此觀察老鼠是如何觀察身旁一切動靜。事后科學家重建老鼠之前所看的景象發(fā)現(xiàn),,老鼠跟人類看東西方式截然不同,,因為它們是將2個獨立畫面,一起傳給大腦處理,,而且不會混淆,。
研究者寇爾表示,“人類利用眼睛觀看前方事物,,兩眼通常同一時間定焦在同一物體上,但老鼠的兩顆眼睛,,卻可以同時觀看相反方向的移動物體,,”而且人類2顆眼睛的對角角度,必須超過1度以上,,才能看清物體,,否則會產生雙重影像,但是老鼠視線則不受限,,其兩眼距離水平面可以超過40度,,垂直面可超過60度以上。
據報道,,老鼠除了看事物的方式與人類不同,,其嗅覺更是有特殊作用,因為根據美國凱斯西儲大學研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,老鼠們彼此溝通是靠嗅覺來決定地位,,一般而言,地位較高的老鼠,,可以多聞對方,,但若是較年輕的老鼠多聞幾下,就會導致被其它老鼠攻擊的命運,。
報道說,,本次研究結果已刊登在《自然》期刊。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦英文摘要:
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12153
Rats maintain an overhead binocular field at the expense of constant fusion
Damian J. Wallace,1, 3 David S. Greenberg,1, 3 Juergen Sawinski,1, 3 Stefanie Rulla,1 Giuseppe Notaro1, 2 & Jason N. D. Kerr1, 2
Fusing left and right eye images into a single view is dependent on precise ocular alignment, which relies on coordinated eye movements. During movements of the head this alignment is maintained by numerous reflexes. Although rodents share with other mammals the key components of eye movement control, the coordination of eye movements in freely moving rodents is unknown. Here we show that movements of the two eyes in freely moving rats differ fundamentally from the precisely controlled eye movements used by other mammals to maintain continuous binocular fusion. The observed eye movements serve to keep the visual fields of the two eyes continuously overlapping above the animal during free movement, but not continuously aligned. Overhead visual stimuli presented to rats freely exploring an open arena evoke an immediate shelter-seeking behaviour, but are ineffective when presented beside the arena. We suggest that continuously overlapping visual fields overhead would be of evolutionary benefit for predator detection by minimizing blind spots.