據(jù)2月13日的《科學》雜志報道說,研究人員構建了一個引起普通感冒的致病原鼻病毒的系譜圖,。
人類鼻病毒外殼結構
該系譜圖可以幫助藥物開發(fā)商通過將哪些病毒株作為標靶而找到治療感冒的方法,。 普通感冒長期以來一直是一個很大的謎團,其主要原因是因為造成感冒的致病原并非只有一種感冒病毒,??茖W家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了99種已知的鼻病毒株,他們相信還有更多的鼻病毒沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn),。在某些病例中,,感冒癥狀輕微;而在另外一些病例中,,它們會導致耳朵和肺部的繼發(fā)感染,,甚或引起哮喘。以往有幾次研發(fā)感冒藥物的嘗試失敗了,,其原因可能是因為這些藥物對有些感染某些病毒株的人有效,,但對其他人卻無效。為了解決不同病毒株的問題,,Stephen Liggett及其同僚現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了對所有已知鼻病毒及某些新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的新病毒株的基因組序列分析,。
他們接著通過比較基因序列以及每一種病毒的不同物理特征而制作了一個鼻病毒的系譜圖。他們除了發(fā)現(xiàn)2個已知的主要集群之外還在該系譜圖上發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的分枝,。他們證明,,關系疏遠的病毒可以通過重組而產(chǎn)生新的病毒株。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)還提示,,鼻病毒序列中有一個特殊片斷特別易變并可能會影響該病毒的毒性,,這就像人們已知的在灰髓炎病毒中有一個相應的片斷也具有同樣的性質(zhì)。除了能夠幫助人們研發(fā)藥物之外,,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)還將為研究人員研究鼻病毒的演變,、多樣性和耐藥性打下基層。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1165557
Sequencing and Analyses of All Known Human Rhinovirus Genomes Reveals Structure and Evolution
Ann C. Palmenberg 1, David Spiro 2, Ryan Kuzmickas 2, Shiliang Wang 2, Appolinaire Djikeng 2, Jennifer A. Rathe 3, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett 4, Stephen B. Liggett 3*
1 Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
2 J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
3 Cardiopulmonary Genomics Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
4 Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Infection by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract disease worldwide and displays significant phenotypic variation. We examined diversity by completing the genome sequences for all known serotypes (n = 99). Superimposition of capsid crystal structure and optimal-energy RNA configurations established alignments and phylogeny. These revealed conserved motifs, clade-specific diversity including a potential new species (HRV-D), mutations in field isolates, and recombination. In analogy with poliovirus, a hypervariable 5'UTR tract may affect virulence. A configuration consistent with nonscanning internal ribosome entry was found in all HRVs and may account for rapid translation. The data density from complete sequences of the reference HRVs provided high resolution for this degree of modeling and serves as a platform for full genome-based epidemiologic studies and antiviral or vaccine development.