日前,美國托馬斯杰弗遜大學(xué)生物化學(xué)和分子生物系研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)一種叫做"Caenorhabditis elegans"(生物醫(yī)藥大辭典 提供翻譯)線蟲體內(nèi)單一蛋白質(zhì)水平可以確定它們壽命的長短,。天生不具備這種抑制蛋白(arrestin)的線蟲壽命比正常線蟲長三分之一,,而那些抑制蛋白數(shù)量是正常3倍的線蟲則壽命短三分之一。
研究人員指出,,抑制蛋白與其它幾種蛋白質(zhì)發(fā)生交互作用,,從而調(diào)控壽命長短。人體相對應(yīng)的抑制蛋白是PTEN,,它也是一種腫瘤抑制體,。目前,這項最新研究報告發(fā)表在《生物化學(xué)》雜志上,。
生物化學(xué)和分子生物系教授杰弗里-本諾維克(Jeffrey L. Benovic)博士稱,,由于蟲類許多蛋白質(zhì)與人類相匹配,這項發(fā)現(xiàn)對于人體生物學(xué)和理解癌癥的發(fā)展具有特殊貢獻(xiàn),。盡管人體生物學(xué)更加復(fù)雜,,但這種基因?qū)τ谌祟惡拖x類之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性暗示著相同的交互作用也存在于哺乳動物。我們需要更深入地展開研究,,從而獲得更多的重大發(fā)現(xiàn),。
研究人員使用線蟲作為實驗?zāi)P停捎诰€蟲提供一種簡單的系統(tǒng)便于研究與人體生物學(xué)相關(guān)的基因和蛋白質(zhì),,例如:“C. elegans”線蟲擁有一個抑制蛋白基因,,相對應(yīng)地人類就有4個。蠕蟲擁有302個神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,,就相當(dāng)于人體大腦1000億個腦細(xì)胞,。此外,這種線蟲兩至三周的生命周期對于觀測長壽效應(yīng)更加直觀有效,。
本諾維克和這項研究報告第一作者博士后生艾梅-帕爾米特薩(Aimee Palmitessa)研究了由G蛋白質(zhì)對受體激活的信息路徑,,這些蛋白質(zhì)對受體可與所有類型的激素、敏感刺激物(比如:光線,、氣味等),、神經(jīng)傳遞素等結(jié)合在一起,它們將刺激細(xì)胞內(nèi)的梯狀信號,,并控制許多生理進(jìn)程,,這種機(jī)理可用于研制藥物。
本諾維克說:“當(dāng)線蟲具備這些蛋白質(zhì)對受體,它們實際上就變得更加復(fù)雜,,人類大概有800種不同的G蛋白質(zhì)對受體,,而線蟲依據(jù)不同的感覺刺激(不同的神經(jīng)傳遞素和激素)具有大約1800種G蛋白質(zhì)對受體。”
最初,,抑制蛋白被發(fā)現(xiàn)于細(xì)胞激活狀態(tài)下的蛋白質(zhì)對受體,,本諾維克說:“這種線蟲提供了一種非常好的方法用于研究單個抑制蛋白如何與蛋白質(zhì)受體發(fā)生交互感應(yīng)。”
在這項研究中,,帕爾米特薩刪除了線蟲體內(nèi)的單個抑制蛋白基因,,觀測會發(fā)生什么狀況,令她驚奇的是,,這些線蟲的壽命顯著延長,。她同時發(fā)現(xiàn)體內(nèi)攜帶更多抑制蛋白基因的線蟲壽命會較短。
本諾維克博士稱,,人類抑制蛋白基因和PTEN之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性并不清楚,,我們并不知道是否人類抑制蛋白基因可以控制PTEN的功能,或者在癌癥發(fā)育階段是否出現(xiàn)任何抑制蛋白基因水平的變化,。未來更深入的研究有助于我們研制抑制人體癌癥的有效醫(yī)學(xué)措施,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
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生物谷推薦原文出處:
JBC doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.104612
Arrestin and the Multi-PDZ Domain-containing Protein MPZ-1 Interact with Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) and Regulate Caenorhabditis elegans Longevity
Aimee Palmitessa and Jeffrey L. Benovic1
Arrestins are multifunctional adaptor proteins best known for their role in regulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Arrestins also regulate other types of receptors, including the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), although the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the IGF-1R ortholog DAF-2 regulates dauer formation, stress resistance, metabolism, and lifespan through a conserved signaling cascade. To further elucidate the role of arrestin in IGF-1R signaling, we employed an in vivo approach to investigate the role of ARR-1, the sole arrestin ortholog in C. elegans, on longevity. Here, we report that ARR-1 functions to positively regulate DAF-2 signaling in C. elegans. arr-1 mutant animals exhibit increased longevity and enhanced nuclear localization of DAF-16, an indication of decreased DAF-2 signaling, whereas animals overexpressing ARR-1 have decreased longevity. Genetic and biochemical analysis reveal that ARR-1 functions to regulate DAF-2 signaling via direct interaction with MPZ-1, a multi-PDZ domain-containing protein, via a C-terminal PDZ binding domain in ARR-1. Interestingly, ARR-1 and MPZ-1 are found in a complex with the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) ortholog DAF-18, which normally serves as a suppressor of DAF-2 signaling, suggesting that these three proteins work together to regulate DAF-2 signaling. Our results suggest that the ARR-1-MPZ-1-DAF-18 complex functions to regulate DAF-2 signaling in vivo and provide insight into a novel mechanism by which arrestin is able to regulate IGF-1R signaling and longevity.