美國研究人員繪出了人類唾液蛋白質(zhì)組圖,。在25日刊登的論文里,他們勾畫出未來病人“吐口水看病”的前景,。研究人員相信,,隨著研究的深入,唾液檢測有望成為“改進版”的抽血化驗,,并最終取而代之,。
蛋白質(zhì)20%與血液相同
在25日出版的《蛋白質(zhì)組學研究》雜志上,研究人員公布了他們的這一發(fā)現(xiàn),。
來自美國羅切斯特大學,、斯克里普斯研究所、南加州大學,、加利福尼亞大學圣弗朗西斯科分校和洛杉磯分校5所科研機構(gòu)的研究員,,采集了23名健康男性和女性的腮腺、下頜下腺和舌下腺分泌的唾液,。根據(jù)對樣本的質(zhì)譜分析,,他們鑒定出1116種蛋白質(zhì)。
研究人員把這些蛋白質(zhì)與血液,、眼淚中含有的蛋白質(zhì)對比后發(fā)現(xiàn),,唾液中含有的某些蛋白質(zhì)與血液中影響老年癡呆癥、乳腺癌和糖尿病等的蛋白質(zhì)相匹配,。
羅切斯特大學醫(yī)藥中心研究員弗雷德·黑根說,,唾液中20%的蛋白質(zhì)與血液中所含蛋白質(zhì)相同,“這里面有許多(蛋白質(zhì))可以用作臨床疾病診斷”,。他們認為實驗得到的唾液蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)量已足以制成基本的唾液蛋白質(zhì)組圖,,用作健康人和病患的對比。
在家里就可能完成
研究人員希望通過對比繪出的人體唾沫、血液和眼淚蛋白質(zhì)組圖,,能獲知人體不同體液內(nèi)的蛋白質(zhì)是否具有同樣的疾病指示作用,。
羅切斯特大學醫(yī)藥中心口腔生物學中心主任詹姆斯·E·梅爾文說,“我們和合作伙伴的研究說明,,唾液蛋白質(zhì)可能成為檢測人體疾病的標識”,,這種辦法將比抽血化驗更簡便易行。
根據(jù)蛋白質(zhì)是否變異,,研究人員可以診斷出病人是否患病,。如今,一些致力于通過唾液診斷病人是否罹患乳腺癌的研究員,,就把目光對準了其中的蛋白質(zhì)HER2,。它上面片斷的變異對這一疾病具有指示作用。
黑根說:“我們預期,,將來只需向試管吐口水,,就能用來尋找(疾病)標識,,就像尋找乳腺癌的標識一樣,。這操作起來更加方便,甚至可能在家里完成,。”
不僅方便而且不貴
對于唾液蛋白質(zhì)研究的臨床應用,,研究人員普遍看好。黑根說,,唾液看病不僅方便,,而且價格也不貴。在乳腺癌檢測手段上,,唾液測試最終將取代讓人不舒服且價格昂貴的乳房X射線檢測,。他認為,此次唾液蛋白質(zhì)組圖的繪出,,將促進相關研究快速拓展,。
羅切斯特大學醫(yī)藥中心口腔生物學中心研究員米雷亞·岡薩雷斯說,將來醫(yī)生甚至可以通過唾液,,告訴病人是否罹患心臟病或癌癥,。因為唾液檢查十分方便,它可以幫助醫(yī)生在病人患病早期發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病,,而越早發(fā)現(xiàn)治愈的可能性就越大,。
黑根說,唾液除了可以用來看病,,還能輔助檢測藥物使用情況?,F(xiàn)在已能通過唾液抗體檢測艾滋病毒和肝炎。他說:“用唾液檢測疾病和藥用情況比血液和尿液容易多了。”(陳立希)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
(Journal of Proteome Research),,10.1021/pr700764j,,Paul Denny, Fred K. Hagen and Susan J. Fisher
The Proteomes of Human Parotid and Submandibular/Sublingual Gland Salivas Collected as the Ductal Secretions
Paul Denny,†# Fred K. Hagen,‡# Markus Hardt,§# Lujian Liao,∥# Weihong Yan,⊥# Martha Arellanno,+ Sara Bassilian,× Gurrinder S. Bedi,‡ Pinmannee Boontheung,⊥ Daniel Cociorva,∥ Claire M. Delahunty,∥ Trish Denny,† Jason Dunsmore,⊥ Kym F. Faull,× Joyce Gilligan,† Mireya Gonzalez-Begne,‡ Frédéric Halgand,× Steven C. Hall,§◆ Xuemei Han,∥ Bradley Henson,+ Johannes Hewel,∥ Shen Hu,+ Sherry Jeffrey,+ Jiang Jiang,+ Joseph A. Loo,⊥∞△◇ Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo,◇ Daniel Malamud,● James E. Melvin,‡ Olga Miroshnychenko,§ Mahvash Navazesh,† Richard Niles,§ Sung Kyu Park,∥ Akraporn Prakobphol,§ Prasanna Ramachandran,⊥ Megan Richert,+ Sarah Robinson,§ Melissa Sondej,⊥ Puneet Souda,× Mark A. Sullivan,‡ Jona Takashima,† Shawn Than,+ Jianghua Wang,+ Julian P. Whitelegge,× H. Ewa Witkowska,§◆ Lawrence Wolinsky,+ Yongming Xie,⊥ Tao Xu,∥ Weixia Yu,+ Jimmy Ytterberg,⊥ David T. Wong,+∞△◇@ John R. Yates, III,∥@ and Susan J. Fisher*§∇○◆¶@
Abstract:
Saliva is a body fluid with important functions in oral and general health. A consortium of three research groups catalogued the proteins in human saliva collected as the ductal secretions: 1116 identifications914 in parotid and 917 in submandibular/sublingual salivawere made. The results showed that a high proportion of proteins that are found in plasma and/or tears are also present in saliva along with unique components. The proteins identified are involved in numerous molecular processes ranging from structural functions to enzymatic/catalytic activities. As expected, the majority mapped to the extracellular and secretory compartments. An immunoblot approach was used to validate the presence in saliva of a subset of the proteins identified by mass spectrometric approaches. These experiments focused on novel constituents and proteins for which the peptide evidence was relatively weak. Ultimately, information derived from the work reported here and related published studies can be used to translate blood-based clinical laboratory tests into a format that utilizes saliva. Additionally, a catalogue of the salivary proteome of healthy individuals allows future analyses of salivary samples from individuals with oral and systemic diseases, with the goal of identifying biomarkers with diagnostic and/or prognostic value for these conditions; another possibility is the discovery of therapeutic targets.