生物谷報道:美國洛克菲勒大學(xué)和艾倫戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心(ADARC)的科學(xué)家在人類細(xì)胞表面確定了一種可阻止艾滋病病毒擴(kuò)散的蛋白質(zhì)分子(tetherin),,此項發(fā)現(xiàn)有望為病毒學(xué)研究開啟一個全新的領(lǐng)域,并為未來的藥物研究鋪平道路,。
兩年前,,作為逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒實驗室主任和ADARC的科學(xué)家鮑爾·比埃尼亞斯發(fā)現(xiàn),通過使用一種稱為Vpu的蛋白質(zhì),,正常的HIV-1顆粒才可從粘膜表面脫落,。之后,比埃尼亞斯一直在尋找HIV-1顆粒與細(xì)胞間凝膠的來源,。在近期英國《自然》雜志的網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上,,比埃尼亞斯和他的同事發(fā)表報告稱,他們已發(fā)現(xiàn)了這樣一種能使病毒緊系在細(xì)胞上的蛋白,,并稱其命名為“tetherin”,。這種蛋白質(zhì)可將病毒顆粒附著在母細(xì)胞的外膜上,使它們好像被膠水粘在那里,,從而有助于阻止艾滋病病毒(HIV)突變株的擴(kuò)散,。
為追蹤這種蛋白,比埃尼亞斯研究小組詳細(xì)檢查了已知人類基因的基因活性,,并對那些需要Vpu才能使HIV釋放的細(xì)胞和那些不需要Vpu的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行比較。最后,,他們將范圍縮小到一個非常有可能的候選者,。這個候選者就是tetherin,它通過了研究人員對它進(jìn)行的所有測試:當(dāng)tetherin出現(xiàn)而Vpu不出現(xiàn)時,,有大量的病毒顆粒堆積在細(xì)胞表面,;而當(dāng)tetherin缺失時,即使帶有不足量Vpu的病毒都得以逃離,。
研究人員稱,,自此他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了細(xì)胞自身防御病毒的一種新方法,這將為病毒學(xué)研究開啟一個新領(lǐng)域:這類蛋白如何對抗其他病毒,,病毒又如何學(xué)會逃避它,。下一步,研究人員將把重點放在tetherin的抗病毒活性到底有多廣,,是否有對HIV或其他病毒可提供額外免疫性和敏感性的變種存在,。如果藥物研究人員能夠?qū)etherin和Vpu的互動進(jìn)行干預(yù),那么新發(fā)現(xiàn)的蛋白質(zhì)甚至可能提供一個潛在的治療方向,。(來源:科技日報 馮衛(wèi)東)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Nature 451, 425-430 (24 January 2008) | doi:10.1038/nature06553; Received 14 November 2007; Accepted 17 December 2007; Published online 16 January 2008; Corrected 24 January 2008
Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu
Stuart J. D. Neil1, Trinity Zang1 & Paul D. Bieniasz1
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
Correspondence to: Paul D. Bieniasz1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P.D.B (Email: [email protected]).
Abstract
Human cells possess an antiviral activity that inhibits the release of retrovirus particles, and other enveloped virus particles, and is antagonized by the HIV-1 accessory protein, Vpu. This antiviral activity can be constitutively expressed or induced by interferon-, and it consists of protein-based tethers, which we term 'tetherins', that cause retention of fully formed virions on infected cell surfaces. Using deductive constraints and gene expression analyses, we identify CD317 (also called BST2 or HM1.24), a membrane protein of previously unknown function, as a tetherin. Specifically, CD317 expression correlated with, and induced, a requirement for Vpu during HIV-1 and murine leukaemia virus particle release. Furthermore, in cells where HIV-1 virion release requires Vpu expression, depletion of CD317 abolished this requirement. CD317 caused retention of virions on cell surfaces and, after endocytosis, in CD317-positive compartments. Vpu co-localized with CD317 and inhibited these effects. Inhibition of Vpu function and consequent mobilization of tetherin's antiviral activity is a potential therapeutic strategy in HIV/AIDS.