加拿大阿爾伯特大學(xué)的研究人員近日宣布他們剛剛完成了人類代謝組物的首個草圖,,他們編制并描繪了人體內(nèi)的2500種代謝物,1200種藥物,,以及3500種食品的成份。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《核酸研究》(Nucleic Acid Research)上。研究人員認(rèn)為他們的研究成果代表了疾病診斷的新紀(jì)元的開始,。
代謝組物是有機(jī)體自身攜帶或者產(chǎn)生的多種小分子化學(xué)物質(zhì)(即代謝物)的總稱。打個比方,,如果說基因組代表了生命的藍(lán)圖,,那么代謝組物則代表了生命的組成成分。代謝組物對一個人的飲食,、居住環(huán)境,、季節(jié)、時間,、身體狀況乃至情緒都非常敏感,。因此,研究人員認(rèn)為2004年在加拿大發(fā)起的這項“人類代謝組物計劃”(Human Metabolome Project,,簡稱HMP)比“人類基因組計劃”對醫(yī)藥研究和臨床實踐更能產(chǎn)生直接的影響,。
該計劃的負(fù)責(zé)人、阿爾伯特計算科學(xué)與生命科學(xué)教授David Wishart博士介紹說:“代謝物是基因組的預(yù)警系統(tǒng),。DNA的單個堿基變化可能引起代謝水平10萬倍的變化……目前大多數(shù)醫(yī)療檢查都是基于血液或者尿液中的代謝物的水平,。遺憾的是,只有不到1%的代謝物得到經(jīng)常性的檢查,,如果你只能看到身體里1%的情況,,你肯定會錯過很多很多事情。”
“人類代謝組物計劃”包括了來自加拿大的阿爾伯特大學(xué)和卡爾加里大學(xué)的50多名研究人員,。在過去的兩年半的時間里,,他們測量或者獲取了所有已知的人類代謝物的生物和疾病數(shù)據(jù),,并且加以編纂。Wishart說:“通過研究這個數(shù)據(jù)庫,,任何人都可以知道什么代謝物與什么疾病有關(guān),,什么是正常的代謝水平,什么是不正常的,,什么地方能找到某種代謝物,,以及哪種代謝物與哪個基因有關(guān)。
Wishart還說:“這是世界上首次將這些數(shù)據(jù)匯集到一起,。通過解密人類代謝組物,,我們可以用極低的成本發(fā)現(xiàn)和確診大量的疾病。”
該項目由加拿大創(chuàng)新基金(CFI),、加拿大基因組計劃,、Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Machine Learning以及阿爾伯特大學(xué)共同資助,共耗資750萬美元,。
部分英文原文:
HMDB: the Human Metabolome Database.
Wishart DS, Tzur D, Knox C, Eisner R, Guo AC, Young N, Cheng D, Jewell K, Arndt D, Sawhney S, Fung C, Nikolai L, Lewis M, Coutouly MA, Forsythe I, Tang P, Shrivastava S, Jeroncic K, Stothard P, Amegbey G, Block D, Hau DD, Wagner J, Miniaci J, Clements M, Gebremedhin M, Guo N, Zhang Y, Duggan GE, Macinnis GD, Weljie AM, Dowlatabadi R, Bamforth F, Clive D, Greiner R, Li L, Marrie T, Sykes BD, Vogel HJ, Querengesser L.
Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E8. [email protected]
The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is currently the most complete and comprehensive curated collection of human metabolite and human metabolism data in the world. It contains records for more than 2180 endogenous metabolites with information gathered from thousands of books, journal articles and electronic databases. In addition to its comprehensive literature-derived data, the HMDB also contains an extensive collection of experimental metabolite concentration data compiled from hundreds of mass spectra (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analyses performed on urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples. This is further supplemented with thousands of NMR and MS spectra collected on purified, reference metabolites. Each metabolite entry in the HMDB contains an average of 90 separate data fields including a comprehensive compound description, names and synonyms, structural information, physico-chemical data, reference NMR and MS spectra, biofluid concentrations, disease associations, pathway information, enzyme data, gene sequence data, SNP and mutation data as well as extensive links to images, references and other public databases. Extensive searching, relational querying and data browsing tools are also provided. The HMDB is designed to address the broad needs of biochemists, clinical chemists, physicians, medical geneticists, nutritionists and members of the metabolomics