日本研究人員在新一期美國(guó)《國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》（PNAS）網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上報(bào)告說(shuō),，他們找到了能夠使大麥的麩皮和麥粒徹底分離的基因,，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有望用于開發(fā)抗寒,、耐干旱的食用大麥新品種。
大麥富含膳食纖維,，在人們?nèi)找孀⒅?a href="http://hnhlg.com/news/list-54.html" target="_blank">健康的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)受到青睞,。但野生大麥麩皮和麥粒之間存在脂質(zhì)，麩皮難以脫去,，幾乎不能食用,。食用大麥最早于距今約8000年前在美索不達(dá)米亞地區(qū)投入種植，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為那是因?yàn)橐吧篼湴l(fā)生基因突變,，產(chǎn)生了麩皮和麥粒間沒(méi)有脂質(zhì),、兩者能夠徹底分離的新品種。
日本香川大學(xué)植物遺傳學(xué)教授武田真分析比較了不同品種大麥的遺傳信息后發(fā)現(xiàn),，食用大麥ERF轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的編碼基因不發(fā)揮作用,，所以麩皮和麥粒能夠徹底分離。武田真認(rèn)為,，借助這一發(fā)現(xiàn),，有可能把野生大麥改造成適合人們食用的新品種，同時(shí)保留野生大麥品種抗寒,、耐干旱的優(yōu)勢(shì),。（來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng) 錢錚）
生物谷推薦原始出處 ：
（PNAS），doi：10.1073/pnas.0711034105,，Shin Taketa,，Kazuyoshi Takeda
Barley grain with adhering hulls is controlled by an ERF family transcription factor gene regulating a lipid biosynthesis pathway
Shin Taketa, Satoko Amano, Yasuhiro Tsujino, Tomohiko Sato, Daisuke Saisho, Katsuyuki Kakeda, Mika Nomura, Toshisada Suzuki, Takashi Matsumoto, Kazuhiro Sato, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Shinji Kawasaki, and Kazuyoshi Takeda
Abstract
In contrast to other cereals, typical barley cultivars have caryopses with adhering hulls at maturity, known as covered (hulled) barley. However, a few barley cultivars are a free-threshing variant called naked (hulless) barley. The covered/naked caryopsis is controlled by a single locus (nud) on chromosome arm 7HL. On the basis of positional cloning, we concluded that an ethylene response factor (ERF) family transcription factor gene controls the covered/naked caryopsis phenotype. This conclusion was validated by (i) fixation of the 17-kb deletion harboring the ERF gene among all 100 naked cultivars studied; (ii) two x-ray-induced nud alleles with a DNA lesion at a different site, each affecting the putative functional motif; and (iii) gene expression strictly localized to the testa. Available results indicate the monophyletic origin of naked barley. The Nud gene has homology to the Arabidopsis WIN1/SHN1 transcription factor gene, whose deduced function is control of a lipid biosynthesis pathway. Staining with a lipophilic dye (Sudan black B) detected a lipid layer on the pericarp epidermis only in covered barley. We infer that, in covered barley, the contact of the caryopsis surface, overlaid with lipids to the inner side of the hull, generates organ adhesion.
