中科院昆明動(dòng)物所“百人計(jì)劃”宿兵研究員的實(shí)驗(yàn)室(助理研究員石宏)與我所海外團(tuán)隊(duì)盧欣教授(英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)路德維格癌癥研究所所長(zhǎng))合作研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,在東亞人群中,,p53基因第72位的序列變異(脯氨酸變?yōu)榫彼?同緯度密切相關(guān),,即緯度越高,,其所在緯度人群中精氨酸等位基因的頻率越高。進(jìn)一步的分析證實(shí),,這種相關(guān)性是由于不同緯度在冬季的氣溫差異造成的,。在細(xì)胞水平的功能實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,p53的兩種等位基因?qū)ζ浯x通路中的LIF基因的活性影響程度不同,,從而可能最終導(dǎo)致不同等位基因?qū)ε咛ブ渤晒β实挠绊?。這可能是東亞現(xiàn)代人在史前由南向北遷徙過(guò)程中為應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境變化而發(fā)生的適應(yīng)性改變。另外,,他們的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),,Mdm2所受的選擇壓力同p53不同,它主要源于對(duì)不同地區(qū)紫外線(xiàn)強(qiáng)度差異的適應(yīng),。這項(xiàng)研究首次揭示,,像p53和Mdm2這樣感受環(huán)境壓力的關(guān)鍵基因,,在東亞人群中受到了很強(qiáng)的自然選擇的影響,。
p53基因不僅是人類(lèi)基因組中最重要的抗癌基因,同時(shí)它也是機(jī)體感受環(huán)境壓力并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵基因之一。p53在進(jìn)化上是非常保守的,,并且在通常情況下表達(dá)水平很低,。在p53的代謝通路中,Mdm2是p53的主要負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)因子,,它和p53之間通過(guò)類(lèi)似“陰陽(yáng)消長(zhǎng)”的形式相互調(diào)控從而使細(xì)胞機(jī)能處于平衡狀態(tài),。在人群中,p53和Mdm2各有一個(gè)具有功能效應(yīng)的序列多態(tài)位點(diǎn),,它們會(huì)影響這兩個(gè)基因的表達(dá)及其活性水平,。
此研究結(jié)果的論文已發(fā)表于著名人類(lèi)遺傳學(xué)雜志-《美國(guó)人類(lèi)遺傳學(xué)》(American Journal of Human Genetics)。該項(xiàng)研究成果不僅有助于了解人群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的適應(yīng)機(jī)制,,同時(shí)也將為癌癥等人類(lèi)重大疾病的流行病學(xué)研究提供重要的信息,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
The American Journal of Human Genetics, 02 April 2009 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.03.009
Winter Temperature and UV Are Tightly Linked to Genetic Changes in the p53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway in Eastern Asia
Hong Shi1,Si-jie Tan2,Hua Zhong3,Wenwei Hu4,Arnold Levine4,Chun-jie Xiao2,Yi Peng1,Xue-bin Qi1,Wei-hua Shou2,Run-lin Z. Ma3,Yi Li5,Bing Su1,,andXin Lu1,6
1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology and Kunming Primate Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China
2 Human Genetics Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
3 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
4 Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08540, USA
5 Qujing Normal College, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, PR China
6 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
The tumor suppressor p53 is a master sensor of stress. Two human-specific polymorphisms, p53 codon 72 and MDM2 SNP309, influence the activities of p53. There is a tight association between cold winter temperature and p53 Arg72 and between low UV intensity and MDM2 SNP309 G/G in a cohort of 4029 individuals across Eastern Asia that suggests causative selection. Moreover, the two polymorphisms are not coselected. Haplotype-based selection analysis further suggests that this is a striking example of two functional polymorphisms being strongly selected for in human populations in response to environmental stresses.