美國(guó)研究人員通過對(duì)小鼠誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞的基因組測(cè)序,發(fā)現(xiàn)重編程過程不會(huì)增加DNA重排或逆轉(zhuǎn)錄因子轉(zhuǎn)座的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。該研究成果發(fā)表于10月4日的《細(xì)胞—干細(xì)胞》(Cell Stem Cell)雜志上,。
誘導(dǎo)多功能干細(xì)胞(iPSC)繞開了胚胎干細(xì)胞研究面臨的倫理和法律等障礙,,因此在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用前景非常廣闊,。然而,如果大部分iPSC含有有害的遺傳突變,,則它們的生物醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用將會(huì)大大受損,。近期有芯片研究表明人iPSC中的DNA拷貝數(shù)變異較胚胎干細(xì)胞要多,暗示其他類的基因組結(jié)構(gòu)變異也會(huì)頻繁發(fā)生,。
于是,,弗吉尼亞大學(xué)和Scripps研究所的研究人員利用全基因組末端配對(duì)測(cè)序,試圖解答iPSC的生產(chǎn)是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致突變?cè)黾雍突蚪M穩(wěn)定性降低的問題,。與之前的研究結(jié)果相反,,研究小組在所檢測(cè)的三個(gè)小鼠iPS細(xì)胞系中發(fā)現(xiàn)了非常少的自發(fā)突變,也未發(fā)現(xiàn)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)座子插入,。
作者認(rèn)為,,這些結(jié)果表明基因組穩(wěn)定性在重編程過程中能夠保持,且目前的重編程方法有可能產(chǎn)生無基因干擾突變的iPSC,。盡管還需要進(jìn)一步研究來確定人的iPSC是否也保持著相同水平的基因組穩(wěn)定性,,但小鼠研究的結(jié)果讓他們信心大增。
在本研究中,,研究人員使用了Illumina的Genome Analyzer II對(duì)三個(gè)小鼠iPS細(xì)胞系進(jìn)行了全基因組測(cè)序,,而對(duì)照細(xì)胞是小鼠胚胎的胎兒細(xì)胞群。兩個(gè)iPS細(xì)胞系是來自同一個(gè)體細(xì)胞,,而第三個(gè)是來自另一個(gè)供體細(xì)胞,。
研究人員產(chǎn)生了每個(gè)基因組的10-12倍覆蓋度。他們利用了一種名為HYDRA的算法,來尋找重排和逆轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)座子插入,。該算法在末端配對(duì)定位模式下檢測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)變異的斷裂點(diǎn)以及轉(zhuǎn)座子插入,。
即使未找到多個(gè)拷貝數(shù)變異或基因組重排,但研究人員認(rèn)為他們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)座子激活,。因?yàn)橹鼐幊袒蚪M時(shí),,這是一個(gè)全基因組的表觀遺傳重編程,在擾亂表觀遺傳狀態(tài)時(shí),,轉(zhuǎn)座子可能激活,。然而,未有證據(jù)表明iPSC中的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄因子轉(zhuǎn)座,。
讓人奇怪的是,,之前在人iPSC研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些遺傳改變也未在小鼠iPSC中找到,研究小組認(rèn)為,,這可能與重編程的程度有關(guān),,或是與重編程所用的體細(xì)胞類型相關(guān)。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.stem.2011.07.018
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Genome Sequencing of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveals Retroelement Stability and Infrequent DNA Rearrangement during Reprogramming
Aaron R. Quinlan, Michael J. Boland, Mitchell L. Leibowitz, Svetlana Shumilina, Sidney M. Pehrson, Kristin K. Baldwin, Ira M. Hall
The biomedical utility of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will be diminished if most iPSC lines harbor deleterious genetic mutations. Recent microarray studies have shown that human iPSCs carry elevated levels of DNA copy number variation compared with those in embryonic stem cells, suggesting that these and other classes of genomic structural variation (SV), including inversions, smaller duplications and deletions, complex rearrangements, and retroelement transpositions, may frequently arise as a consequence of reprogramming. Here we employ whole-genome paired-end DNA sequencing and sensitive mapping algorithms to identify all classes of SV in three fully pluripotent mouse iPSC lines. Despite the improved scope and resolution of this study, we find few spontaneous mutations per line (one or two) and no evidence for endogenous retroelement transposition. These results show that genome stability can persist throughout reprogramming, and argue that it is possible to generate iPSCs lacking gene-disrupting mutations using current reprogramming methods.