耶魯大學(xué)科學(xué)家已發(fā)現(xiàn)一條分子通路,,通過這條通路母系遺傳性耳聾似乎出現(xiàn):線粒體DNA突變觸發(fā)一個(gè)引起程序性細(xì)胞死亡的信號(hào)級(jí)聯(lián),。
這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在2月17日的Cell上,。
線粒體是作為"細(xì)胞動(dòng)力工廠"的細(xì)胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu),,因?yàn)樗鼈儺a(chǎn)生大部分細(xì)胞能量供應(yīng),。它們含有繼承自母親的DNA,。線粒體決定細(xì)胞通過程序性細(xì)胞死亡或凋亡過程確定是生還是死。
耶魯科學(xué)家集中于引起母系遺傳性耳聾的一個(gè)特定線粒體DNA突變,。此突變出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)在線粒體核糖體上編碼RNA的基因上,,它產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞內(nèi)呼吸所必須的蛋白。含有這個(gè)突變的細(xì)胞株容易死亡不是直接因?yàn)橥蛔?,而是因?yàn)樗鰪?qiáng)了稱為甲基化的RNA正?;瘜W(xué)修飾,這調(diào)節(jié)核糖體裝配,。
負(fù)責(zé)這種甲基化的酶過度表達(dá)能引起細(xì)胞死亡,,甚至細(xì)胞內(nèi)沒有耳聾突變。但是,當(dāng)研究人員在小鼠內(nèi)過度表達(dá)這個(gè)酶來(lái)模擬這個(gè)突變的作用時(shí),,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些動(dòng)物進(jìn)行性地喪失了它們的聽力,,反應(yīng)出這樣的疾病由于已知病理性人線粒體DNA突變?nèi)绾伟l(fā)生。這種新小鼠模型將是理解已知影響線粒體疾病病理學(xué)的遺傳與環(huán)境因素的工具,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,由病變線粒體產(chǎn)生的活性氧分子是什么觸發(fā)事件導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡誘導(dǎo)性基因表達(dá)程序。通過遺傳學(xué)耗盡最后負(fù)責(zé)激活這種程序化細(xì)胞死亡反應(yīng)的蛋白質(zhì),,它們能保留小鼠的正常聽力,。
這項(xiàng)研究不僅揭示了人類遺傳性耳聾,但也可能是年齡相關(guān)性聽力損失和其他人類疾病,。線粒體疾病很復(fù)雜,,因?yàn)椴煌M織常以不可預(yù)測(cè)方式被影響。界定內(nèi)耳一特定子細(xì)胞死亡的分子機(jī)制是解開這種復(fù)雜性的重要步驟,。
這項(xiàng)研究由NIH資助,。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.027
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Mitochondrial Stress Engages E2F1 Apoptotic Signaling to Cause Deafness
Nuno Raimundo, Lei Song, Timothy E. Shutt, Sharen E. McKay, Justin Cotney, Min-Xin Guan, Thomas C. Gilliland, David Hohuan, Joseph Santos-Sacchi, Gerald S. Shadel
Summary Mitochondrial dysfunction causes poorly understood tissue-specific pathology stemming from primary defects in respiration, coupled with altered reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolic signaling, and apoptosis. The A1555G mtDNA mutation that causes maternally inherited deafness disrupts mitochondrial ribosome function, in part, via increased methylation of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA by the methyltransferase mtTFB1. In patient-derived A1555G cells, we show that 12S rRNA hypermethylation causes ROS-dependent activation of AMP kinase and the proapoptotic nuclear transcription factor E2F1. This retrograde mitochondrial-stress relay is operative in vivo, as transgenic-mtTFB1 mice exhibit enhanced 12S rRNA methylation in multiple tissues, increased E2F1 and apoptosis in the stria vascularis and spiral ganglion neurons of the inner ear, and progressive E2F1-dependent hearing loss. This mouse mitochondrial disease model provides a robust platform for deciphering the complex tissue specificity of human mitochondrial-based disorders, as well as the precise pathogenic mechanism of maternally inherited deafness and its exacerbation by environmental factors.