美國波士頓大學醫(yī)學院(BUSM)領(lǐng)導的一個國際研究小組已確定了4個基因位點,這些基因位點似乎與降低海馬體積有關(guān)。海馬區(qū)在大腦中形成具體的,、新的記憶中起重要作用,,阿爾茨海默氏癥患者海馬區(qū)失去了這一作用,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能決定阿爾茨海默氏癥和其他疾病是如何影響海馬功能以及完整性的,。
BUSM神經(jīng)病學教授Sudha Seshadri醫(yī)師是該研究的主要領(lǐng)導者,,相關(guān)研究論文將刊登在《自然遺傳學》雜志上。
此前有研究表明大腦海馬與短期和長期記憶過程有關(guān),,隨著年齡增長,,海馬區(qū)也會慢慢縮小。同時,,海馬區(qū)也是阿爾茨海默氏癥首個損傷的部位,,也即阿爾茨海默氏癥患者首先是大腦海馬區(qū)出現(xiàn)問題,海馬區(qū)功能和完整性受損時會導致記憶問題,。
Seshadri說:研究阿爾茨海默氏癥等類似疾病的問題之一是很多人在他們到了會罹患臨床老年癡呆癥疾病相關(guān)的年齡之前,,會因為其他原因出現(xiàn)死亡。要解決這個問題,,我們研究了與阿爾茨海默氏癥未來高風險相關(guān)的基因,,但我們可以在大多數(shù)人到了會出現(xiàn)阿爾茨海默氏癥臨床癥狀前的10至20多年時測量這些基因,。
在阿爾茨海默氏病發(fā)病以及疾病發(fā)展過程中海馬區(qū)會萎縮,但其他因素如血管危險因素和正常老化,,也可能導致海馬區(qū)大小減小,。Seshadri說:我們的研究團隊希望找出正常老年人大腦樣本海馬體積變化的基因原因。
研究人員從沒有癡呆癥的9,232參試者收集海馬體積,??蒲腥藛T鑒定出了四個基因位點決定了海馬的體積。結(jié)果表明如果改變其中基因之一,,平均而言,,海馬的體積會和年長四到五歲的人大小類似。這些結(jié)果復制在兩個大型歐洲樣本,,其中包括一個混合年齡的樣本,,其中包括與認知功能障礙的一些與會者。
Seshadri補充說:未來研究需要進一步探討這些遺傳區(qū)域,,以便更好地了解這些基因在決定海馬體積中的作用,。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ng.2237
PMC:
PMID:
Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume
Joshua C Bis,Charles DeCarli,Albert Vernon Smith,Fedde van der Lijn,Fabrice Crivello,Myriam Fornage,Stephanie Debette,Joshua M Shulman,Helena Schmidt,
et al.
Aging is associated with reductions in hippocampal volume that are accelerated by Alzheimer's disease and vascular risk factors. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) of dementia-free persons (n = 9,232) identified 46 SNPs at four loci with P values of <4.0 × 10?7. In two additional samples (n = 2,318), associations were replicated at 12q14 within MSRB3-WIF1 (discovery and replication; rs17178006; P = 5.3 × 10?11) and at 12q24 near HRK-FBXW8 (rs7294919; P = 2.9 × 10?11). Remaining associations included one SNP at 2q24 within DPP4 (rs6741949; P = 2.9 × 10?7) and nine SNPs at 9p33 within ASTN2 (rs7852872; P = 1.0 × 10?7); along with the chromosome 12 associations, these loci were also associated with hippocampal volume (P < 0.05) in a third younger, more heterogeneous sample (n = 7,794). The SNP in ASTN2 also showed suggestive association with decline in cognition in a largely independent sample (n = 1,563). These associations implicate genes related to apoptosis (HRK), development (WIF1), oxidative stress (MSR3B), ubiquitination (FBXW8) and neuronal migration (ASTN2), as well as enzymes targeted by new diabetes medications (DPP4), indicating new genetic influences on hippocampal size and possibly the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.