以前,,有32個與骨質(zhì)疏松癥和骨折相關(guān)的基因區(qū)域一直沒有被確定,現(xiàn)在已被一個大型的,、世界性研究協(xié)會所確定,。這些區(qū)域中的DNA序列變化要么賦予骨弱化疾病的風險,要么預防骨弱化疾病,。很多但不是所有區(qū)域編碼那些蛋白質(zhì),,該蛋白質(zhì)參與涉及骨骼健康的已知途徑。
該研究不僅表明骨質(zhì)疏松源自于數(shù)十個基因的綜合影響,,也指出許多開發(fā)抗骨質(zhì)疏松藥物的新方法,。它所用的meta分析法包括了17個全基因組相關(guān)性研究,180個研究人員和10多萬參與者,,也鑒定出了與股骨骨折或下背骨折風險密切相關(guān)的6個區(qū)域,。但是,該研究的個人預測力相對較低,。
該研究掩蓋了全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)研究(GWAS,,一種快速掃描與疾病發(fā)生相關(guān)的全基因組細微區(qū)別的方法)能力辜負早期宣傳的挫折。當GWAS在2005年首次被介紹時,,許多研究人員就預言它將很快確定許多疾病的決定性突變,。對于諸如骨質(zhì)疏松、II型糖尿癥和肥胖之類的復雜疾病,,這種樂觀評價證明是沒有根據(jù)的,這些疾病可能涉及許多基因和環(huán)境成分的綜合影響,。這表明,,大多數(shù)GWAS中參與者數(shù)量可能需要大大擴大才能提供有用的數(shù)據(jù)。
為此,,世界各地的研究小組綜合了來自17個全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)研究的數(shù)據(jù),,對來自北美、歐洲,、東亞和澳大利亞的近33000名參與者的骨礦物密度進行集中研究,。這樣綜合研究的結(jié)果讓研究人員甚至能確定任何一個研究可能已經(jīng)失之交臂的弱關(guān)聯(lián)。
為了深入研究,,研究小組鑒定了基因組的87個區(qū)域,,然后在另外34個骨礦物密度研究中分析這些區(qū)域,,其中總參與人數(shù)近51000。為了觀察那些影響骨礦物密度與骨折真實發(fā)生率的變異之間的關(guān)聯(lián),,研究人員比較了這些區(qū)域的序列或拼寫在31000名骨折患者與100000多名未患骨折的人的不同,。最后,發(fā)現(xiàn)6個變異與骨折風險顯著相關(guān),,還發(fā)現(xiàn)許多先前涉及骨形成與健康的基因:Wnt信號通路成員,、涉及間質(zhì)細胞分化重要通路的幾個基因、哺乳動物骨骼形成期間涉及軟骨內(nèi)成骨的其他幾個基因,。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ng.2249
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture
Karol Estrada, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Evangelos Evangelou, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Emma L Duncan,Evangelia E Ntzani, Ling Oei, Omar M E Albagha, Najaf Amin, John P Kemp, Daniel L Koller, Guo Li,Ching-Ti Liu, Ryan L Minster, Alireza Moayyeri, Liesbeth Vandenput, Dana Willner, Su-Mei Xiao,Laura M Yerges-Armstrong, Hou-Feng Zheng, Nerea Alonso, Joel Eriksson,Candace M Kammerer,Stephen K Kaptoge, Paul J Leo et al.
Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10?8). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10?4, Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10?8, including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility.