對(duì)于梅花(Prunus mume),,中國人寄托了太多的情感,,這一早在三千多年前就已經(jīng)被馴化的植物光是詩詞絕句,,就可以上萬來計(jì)算,更別說“梅須遜雪三分白,,雪卻輸梅一段香”這樣的名家名句了,。12月27日Nature Communications雜志公布了由北京林業(yè)大學(xué),深圳華大基因等處完成的梅花基因組測(cè)序成果,,這是薔薇科梅花亞科中首個(gè)完成的基因組序列,。
文章的通訊作者是北京林業(yè)大學(xué)的張啟翔(Qixiang Zhang),國家花卉工程技術(shù)研究中心程堂仁(Tangren Cheng),,以及BGI的王俊。其中張啟翔教授現(xiàn)任北京林業(yè)大學(xué)大學(xué)副校長,,兼任中國園藝學(xué)會(huì)副理事長,、中國園藝學(xué)會(huì)觀賞園藝專業(yè)委員會(huì)主任,北京市人民政府專家顧問,。
古往今來詠花的詩詞歌賦,,以梅為題者最多,這種薔薇科的植物原產(chǎn)于中國,,后來引種到韓國與日本,。梅花的總品種達(dá)300多種,可分為真梅系,、杏梅系,、櫻李梅系等,其栽培技術(shù)對(duì)于土壤要求并不嚴(yán)格,,通常不易染病,,但也有一些病害,如穿孔病,、炭疽病,、白粉病、枯枝流膠病,、干腐流膠病等,。
在這篇文章中,研究人員采用Illumina的Genome Analyser (GA) II,,完成了梅花基因組測(cè)序,,這一基因組大小為280M,除了基因組序列以外,,研究人員還獲得了相關(guān)光學(xué)圖譜數(shù)據(jù)(optical mapping),。
通過解析基因組數(shù)據(jù),研究人員還根據(jù)限制性酶切位點(diǎn)相關(guān)DNA測(cè)序結(jié)果,,將其中83.9%的數(shù)據(jù)定位在8條染色體上,。同時(shí)將梅花機(jī)制與目前已有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比對(duì),,研究人員成功重建了薔薇科9條原始染色體,這將有助于了解薔薇科三個(gè)主要亞科中染色體融合,,分開和復(fù)制的進(jìn)化歷史,。
除此之外,研究人員還完成了不同組織轉(zhuǎn)錄組的測(cè)序,,從全基因組的角度分析梅花的特性,,比如其休眠狀態(tài)后的早期蘇醒開花,對(duì)抗細(xì)菌感染的免疫應(yīng)答,,以及花香的生物合成過程,。
這些基因組數(shù)據(jù)將有助于我們深入了解薔薇科植物的進(jìn)化歷程,并且為改良果樹性狀提供重要資料,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ncomms2290
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The genome of Prunus mume
Qixiang Zhang,1, 6 Wenbin Chen,2, 6 Lidan Sun,1, 6 Fangying Zhao,3, 6 Bangqing Huang,2, 6 Weiru Yang,1 Ye Tao,2 Jia Wang,4 Zhiqiong Yuan,3 Guangyi Fan,2 Zhen Xing,5 Changlei Han,2 Huitang Pan,1 Xiao Zhong,2 Wenfang Shi,1 Xinming Liang,2 Dongliang Du,1 Fengming Sun,2 Zongda Xu,1 Ruijie Hao,1 Tian Lv,2 Yingmin Lv,1 Zequn Zheng,2 Ming Sun,1 Le Luo,1 Ming Cai,1 Yike Gao,1 Junyi Wang,2 Ye Yin,2 Xun Xu,2 Tangren Cheng4 & Jun Wang2
Prunus mume (mei), which was domesticated in China more than 3,000 years ago as ornamental plant and fruit, is one of the first genomes among Prunus subfamilies of Rosaceae been sequenced. Here, we assemble a 280M genome by combining 101-fold next-generation sequencing and optical mapping data. We further anchor 83.9% of scaffolds to eight chromosomes with genetic map constructed by restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing. Combining P. mume genome with available data, we succeed in reconstructing nine ancestral chromosomes of Rosaceae family, as well as depicting chromosome fusion, fission and duplication history in three major subfamilies. We sequence the transcriptome of various tissues and perform genome-wide analysis to reveal the characteristics of P. mume, including its regulation of early blooming in endodormancy, immune response against bacterial infection and biosynthesis of flower scent. The P. mume genome sequence adds to our understanding of Rosaceae evolution and provides important data for improvement of fruit trees.