2項(xiàng)基因療法試驗(yàn)已經(jīng)取得了一些頗有希望的結(jié)果,;在這些試驗(yàn)中,,研究人員用慢病毒載體將健康基因移植到患者的干細(xì)胞中,并接著將那些干細(xì)胞重新導(dǎo)入病人體內(nèi),。傳統(tǒng)上,,這些基因療法一直是隨機(jī)性的,而其它載體——諸如那些來自γ-逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒——的使用曾經(jīng)產(chǎn)生過一些致命的副作用,。然而,,這2項(xiàng)由Alessandra Biffi等及Allesandro Aiuti等所做的新的研究提示,慢病毒載體可能是在涉及基因療法時(shí)應(yīng)該使用的方法,。Alessandra Biffi及其同事首先報(bào)告了他們對(duì)3名罹患某種罕見的被稱作異染性腦白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)不良(MLD)的溶酶體貯積病的孩子的分析,,他們的造血干細(xì)胞(HSCs)被慢病毒載體插入了具有功能的ARSA基因。據(jù)這些研究人員披露,,這些新的基因在HSCs被重新注入回病人體內(nèi)之后不久仍然穩(wěn)定并開始表達(dá)ARSA酶,。他們說,在一個(gè)孩子接受該治療后2年——而另外2個(gè)孩子接受該治療后18個(gè)月——得到的所有的證據(jù)表明,,該疾病已經(jīng)在其發(fā)展的過程中停止了,。在另外一則研究中,Allesandro Aiuti及其同事報(bào)告了一個(gè)類似基因治療方法的結(jié)果,,該基因治療方法在3個(gè)患有Wiskott-Aldrich綜合征的孩子中替換了其WAS基因,。這些研究人員同樣使用某種慢病毒載體將功能性的WAS基因插入到患者的HSCs之中,而且這些病人的免疫系統(tǒng)再一次地接受了這些重新注入的細(xì)胞,。據(jù)這些研究人員披露,,該病的諸如復(fù)發(fā)性感染和濕疹等癥狀在基因治療之后20-32周時(shí)有所減輕或全部消失??偠灾?,這些結(jié)果表明,慢病毒載體在基因療法時(shí)可能比用傳統(tǒng)的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒載體要更安全,,盡管這兩組研究人員都承認(rèn)需要做更多的研究——以及在治療后需要觀察更長時(shí)間——來證實(shí)該方法的安全性和有效性,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1233158
Therapeutic Benefit in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy by Lentiviral Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy
A. Biffi; E. Montini; L. Lorioli; M. Cesani; T. Plati; A. Calabria; F. Benedicenti; L. Biasco; M.G. Roncarolo; A. Aiuti; L. Naldini at San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy in Milan, Italy.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by arylsulfatase A (ARSA) deficiency. Patients with MLD exhibit progressive motor and cognitive impairment and die within few years of symptom onset. We used a lentiviral vector to transfer a functional ARSA gene into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from three presymptomatic patients who showed genetic, biochemical, and neurophysiological evidence of late infantile MLD. After reinfusion of the gene-corrected HSCs, the patients showed extensive and stable ARSA gene replacement, which led to high enzyme expression throughout hematopoietic lineages and in cerebrospinal fluid. Analyses of vector integrations revealed no evidence of aberrant clonal behavior. Notably, the disease did not manifest or progress in the three patients 7 to 21 months beyond the predicted age of symptom onset. These findings indicate that extensive genetic engineering of human hematopoiesis can be achieved with lentiviral vectors and that this approach may offer therapeutic benefit for MLD patients.