一種能活40年以上的蝙蝠的基因組序列,，顯示了有可能與長(zhǎng)壽相關(guān)的基因序列變化。這項(xiàng)工作發(fā)表在本期Nature Communications上,。
“布氏鼠耳蝠”是一種小蝙蝠,，其身體大小與長(zhǎng)壽之間明顯不一致,。Vadim Gladyshev及同事報(bào)告了這種蝙蝠的基因組序列，同時(shí)通過將這一基因組與其他脊椎動(dòng)物基因組相比較,，他們提出了在回聲定位,、視覺和長(zhǎng)壽中有可能起重要作用的蛋白。這些研究人員將該基因組與能夠進(jìn)行回聲定位的寬吻海豚進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,，發(fā)現(xiàn)在四種蛋白上存在相似性,，其中兩種蛋白見于內(nèi)耳,。他們還在有可能涉及蝙蝠對(duì)暗光線的適應(yīng)性的基因中發(fā)現(xiàn)了變化,。作者還分析了兩個(gè)生長(zhǎng)因子受體的序列,，即“生長(zhǎng)激素受體”和“胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1受體”,，這兩個(gè)受體在小鼠的長(zhǎng)壽中都起一定作用，同時(shí)他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了與其他四足動(dòng)物相比的序列變化,。這些基因還與小鼠和人類的矮小癥相關(guān),，這與長(zhǎng)壽蝙蝠的小體型是一致的。作者得出結(jié)論認(rèn)為,，這些基因的改變也許與這些蝙蝠的長(zhǎng)壽相關(guān),。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Nature Communications doi:10.1038/ncomms3212
Genome analysis reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the Brandt’s bat Myotis brandtii
Inge Seim,1, 2, 12 Xiaodong Fang,3, 4, 12 Zhiqiang Xiong,3 Alexey V. Lobanov,1 Zhiyong Huang,3 Siming Ma,1 Yue Feng,3 Anton A. Turanov,1 Yabing Zhu,3 Tobias L. Lenz,1 Maxim V. Gerashchenko,1, 5 Dingding Fan,3 Sun Hee Yim,1 Xiaoming Yao,3 Daniel Jordan,1 Yingqi Xiong,3 Yong Ma,3 Andrey N. Lyapunov,6 Guanxing Chen,3 Oksana I. Kulakova,7 Yudong Sun,3 Sang-Goo Lee,2 Roderick T. Bronson,8 Alexey A. Moskalev,7, 9, 10 Shamil R. Sunyaev,1 Guojie Zhang,3 Anders Krogh,4 Jun Wang3, 4, 11 & Vadim N. Gladyshev1, 2
Bats account for one-fifth of mammalian species, are the only mammals with powered flight, and are among the few animals that echolocate. The insect-eating Brandt’s bat (Myotis brandtii) is the longest-lived bat species known to date (lifespan exceeds 40 years) and, at 4–8 g adult body weight, is the most extreme mammal with regard to disparity between body mass and longevity. Here we report sequencing and analysis of the Brandt’s bat genome and transcriptome, which suggest adaptations consistent with echolocation and hibernation, as well as altered metabolism, reproduction and visual function. Unique sequence changes in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors are also observed. The data suggest that an altered growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis, which may be common to other long-lived bat species, together with adaptations such as hibernation and low reproductive rate, contribute to the exceptional lifespan of the Brandt’s bat.
