體育鍛煉，效果到底有多大,？很多人心中都有著或多或少的疑問(wèn),。據(jù)英國(guó)《每日電訊報(bào)》7月5日?qǐng)?bào)道，對(duì)預(yù)防糖尿病來(lái)說(shuō),，運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅有助于緩解癥狀,，還能改善基因的表達(dá)方式，可以說(shuō)能從根本上解決問(wèn)題,。
瑞典蘭德大學(xué)的研究人員,，招募了一些體重超標(biāo)的男性志愿者,，要求他們每周參加3個(gè)小時(shí)的體育鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng)以規(guī)律的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)為主,，如動(dòng)感單車(chē),、跳有氧健身操等，并堅(jiān)持6個(gè)月,。研究前后分別采集其組織樣本,，對(duì)基因組上的48萬(wàn)個(gè)位置進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),，在近1.8萬(wàn)個(gè)位置上,，共有7663個(gè)基因的表達(dá)發(fā)生了改變。具體來(lái)說(shuō),，與脂肪分布方式,、胰島素分泌、糖代謝水平等有關(guān)的基因表達(dá)水平多數(shù)發(fā)生變化,。也就是說(shuō),，部分與糖尿病發(fā)病有關(guān)的“壞基因”表達(dá)在一定程度上得到糾正，進(jìn)而減少了患2型糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。
發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館—遺傳學(xué)》雜志上的這項(xiàng)研究表示,，人類(lèi)基因組大約含有2萬(wàn)個(gè)基因。它們不僅攜帶遺傳信息,，而且通過(guò)特定的表達(dá),，決定了生命活動(dòng)，以及疾病和健康程度,。積極的有氧鍛煉,，除了減輕體重、降低血糖,，還能改變基因的活動(dòng)水平,，達(dá)到“治本”的效果。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
PLoS Genetics doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003572
A Six Months Exercise Intervention Influences the Genome-wide DNA Methylation Pattern in Human Adipose Tissue
Tina Ronn mail,， Petr Volkov,， Cajsa Davegrdh， Tasnim Dayeh,， Elin Hall,， Anders H. Olsson， Emma Nilsson,， sa Tornberg,， Marloes Dekker Nitert， Karl-Fredrik Eriksson,， Helena A. Jones,， Leif Groop,， Charlotte Ling
Epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in gene regulation and the development of different diseases. The epigenome differs between cell types and has until now only been characterized for a few human tissues. Environmental factors potentially alter the epigenome. Here we describe the genome-wide pattern of DNA methylation in human adipose tissue from 23 healthy men， with a previous low level of physical activity,， before and after a six months exercise intervention. We also investigate the differences in adipose tissue DNA methylation between 31 individuals with or without a family history of type 2 diabetes. DNA methylation was analyzed using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip,， an array containing 485，577 probes covering 99% RefSeq genes. Global DNA methylation changed and 17,，975 individual CpG sites in 7,，663 unique genes showed altered levels of DNA methylation after the exercise intervention (q<0.05). Differential mRNA expression was present in 1/3 of gene regions with altered DNA methylation， including RALBP1,， HDAC4 and NCOR2 (q<0.05). Using a luciferase assay， we could show that increased DNA methylation in vitro of the RALBP1 promoter suppressed the transcriptional activity (p = 0.03). Moreover,， 18 obesity and 21 type 2 diabetes candidate genes had CpG sites with differences in adipose tissue DNA methylation in response to exercise (q<0.05),， including TCF7L2 (6 CpG sites) and KCNQ1 (10 CpG sites). A simultaneous change in mRNA expression was seen for 6 of those genes. To understand if genes that exhibit differential DNA methylation and mRNA expression in human adipose tissue in vivo affect adipocyte metabolism， we silenced Hdac4 and Ncor2 respectively in 3T3-L1 adipocytes,， which resulted in increased lipogenesis both in the basal and insulin stimulated state. In conclusion,， exercise induces genome-wide changes in DNA methylation in human adipose tissue， potentially affecting adipocyte metabolism.
