10月20日，《自然—遺傳學(xué)》雜志在線發(fā)表了中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院蔬菜花卉研究所國際黃瓜變異組的研究成果,，研究人員對115個黃瓜品系進(jìn)行了深度重測序,，并構(gòu)建了包含360多萬個位點(diǎn)的全基因組遺傳變異圖譜,。該研究為全面了解黃瓜這一重要蔬菜作物的進(jìn)化及多樣性提供了新思路，并為全基因組設(shè)計育種打下了基礎(chǔ),。
黃瓜源自喜馬拉雅山脈南麓,，本是印度境內(nèi)土生土長的植物,，如今已成為品種多樣、在世界范圍內(nèi)普遍種植的蔬菜,。在科研上黃瓜常被用來作為研究植物性別決定,、維管束形成的重要模式系統(tǒng)。自2009年蔬菜花卉研究所發(fā)表黃瓜全基因組序列圖之后,，科研人員對黃瓜展開了更深入的探索,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)黃瓜基因組中有100多個區(qū)域受到了馴化選擇，包含2000多個基因,。其中7個區(qū)域包括了控制葉片和果實(shí)大小的基因，果實(shí)失去苦味的關(guān)鍵基因已經(jīng)明確地定位在染色體5上一個包含67個基因的區(qū)域里,，為下一步克隆這一重要蔬菜馴化基因打下了基礎(chǔ),。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Nature Genetics doi:10.1038/ng.2801
A genomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of cucumber domestication and diversity
Jianjian Qi,Xin Liu,Di Shen,Han Miao,Bingyan Xie,Xixiang Li,Peng Zeng,Shenhao Wang,Yi Shang, Xingfang Gu,Yongchen Du,Ying Li,Tao Lin,Jinhong Yuan, Xueyong Yang,Jinfeng Chen,Huiming Chen,Xingyao Xiong,Ke Huang,Zhangjun Fei,Linyong Mao,Li Tian, Thomas Stadler,Susanne S Renner,Sophien Kamoun
Most fruits in our daily diet are the products of domestication and breeding. Here we report a map of genome variation for a major fruit that encompasses ~3.6 million variants, generated by deep resequencing of 115 cucumber lines sampled from 3,342 accessions worldwide. Comparative analysis suggests that fruit crops underwent narrower bottlenecks during domestication than grain crops. We identified 112 putative domestication sweeps; 1 of these regions contains a gene involved in the loss of bitterness in fruits, an essential domestication trait of cucumber. We also investigated the genomic basis of divergence among the cultivated populations and discovered a natural genetic variant in a β-carotene hydroxylase gene that could be used to breed cucumbers with enhanced nutritional value. The genomic history of cucumber evolution uncovered here provides the basis for future genomics-enabled breeding.
