生物谷報道：生物學(xué)的一大任務(wù)是解釋生物多樣性的模式,。兩性之間在形式上的差異是普遍存在的,，然而促使性別二態(tài)性出現(xiàn)的因素在關(guān)于物種多樣性的研究中卻很少被考慮到。同樣,，人們也很少用影響群落層面上多樣性的生態(tài)和演化因素去解釋性別差異所能達到的程度?，F(xiàn)在，對在古巴,、伊斯帕尼奧拉島,、牙買加和波多黎各等島嶼上有獨立群落的一種變色蜥蜴（它是關(guān)于適應(yīng)性輻射的一個經(jīng)典例子）所做的一項研究表明，性別差異是一種適應(yīng)性輻射的形態(tài)多樣化的主要貢獻因素,。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在5月10日出版的《自然》雜志上,。

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以成為反映在生物多樣化過程中性別二態(tài)性和適應(yīng)性輻射之間互動方式的一個模型，該模型可以用關(guān)于佛羅里達的外來變色蜥蜴和本地變色蜥蜴之間互動情況的觀測結(jié)果去驗證,。

FIGURE 1. Shape dimorphism among the ecomorphs.

Relative means for ecomorphs (colours; defined at bottom) and sexes (light, females; dark, males) for shape morphology variables (y-axes). Ecomorph-sex means are adjusted for all other effects in the ANOVA models (LSMEANS option in Proc GLM in the SAS statistical language; see Methods), and plotted relative to the grand mean (centred at 0). Stars indicate significant sexual differences within ecomorphs. Sexual dimorphism in body length (snout–vent length) occurs in ecomorphs with the shortest and longest bodies, dimorphism in forelimbs in ecomorphs with the longest forelimbs, and dimorphism in hindlimbs in ecomorphs with the longest hindlimbs. All ecomorphs are dimorphic in lamella number, except twig anoles, which have the greatest lamella numbers relative to body size.

Nature   Volume 447 Number 7141

Sexual dimorphism and adaptive radiation in Anolis lizards p202
Marguerite A. Butler, Stanley A. Sawyer & Jonathan B. Losos

doi:10.1038/nature05774

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (318K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary

Marguerite Butler
Associate Professor

Joined Faculty 1995

Education:
B.A., 1974 Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, OH
J.D., 1979 Syracuse University Syracuse, NYMLIS., 1992 University of Texas, Austin TX

Biographical Information
Associate Professor, Texas Southern University-Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Houston TX 1981-Present
Director of Law Library Technology Services, Texas Southern University-Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Houston TX 2002-2005
Law Library Director, Texas Southern University-Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Houston TX 1995-2005
Law Library Interim Director, Texas Southern University-Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Houston TX 1993-95
Law Library Associate Director, Texas Southern University-Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Houston TX 1984-92
Acquisitions And Reference, Texas Southern University-Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Houston TX 1982-84
Butler's Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) Review Course, 1983-Present
Economics Professor, St. Louis Community College, St. Louis, MO August 1981-1982

Law School Seminars, Competitions and Services
BLSA Regional Meeting, Omaha, NB -March 1989,
BLSA University of Kansas, Kansas City MO -1989
BLSA Regional Meeting, Houston, TX -March 1990
University of Tulsa, First Year Class, Tulsa OK -1990
University of Tulsa, First Year Class, Tulsa OK -1991
BLSA Judge for the National Frederick Douglass Moot Court Competition Final Arguments National Convention -Detroit, MI 1988
BLSA Judge for the National Frederick Douglass Moot Court Competition Final Arguments National Convention -Houston, TX 1993
NAACP Judge of the local ACT-SO eassay Writing Competion -Houston, TX 1994
NAUB Judge for the Oratorical Contest Final Rounds -Houston, TX 1996
Moot Court Coach, Texas Southern University-Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Houston, TX 1982-Present
Moot Court Coach, Texas Young Lawyers Associations, 1989-91 and 1993
BLSA, Texas Southern University, 1990-01
Law School Academic Support Program, Texas Southern University -1993-02
Texas Practice Class, Texas Southern University -1995-96
Chairperson, Student Faculty Relations Committee on the 1989 Death Penalty Seminar and Archivist for the 1987 Carl-King Retirement Dinner -1984
Admissions Committee member -2000
Library Committee member -1995 & 2001
Law School Self Study Committeemember -2000
University Self Study Committeemember -2001-02
University 50th Anniversary Committeemember -1995

Affiliations
American Bar Association
American Association of Law Librarians
Southwestern Association of Law Libraries
Texas Library Association
Houston Area Law Librarians Association
National Bar Association
Houston Lawyers Association
Phi Alpha Delta
Library Consultant, African Law Initiative, United States Information Service and the American Bar Association -1996
Assistant Lead Counsel, Allen Parkway Village Tenants Association -1992
Research and Teaching Interests
Legal Writing
Legal Research
Moot Court/Appellate Litigation

Publications
Marguerite L. Butler, Rule 11-Sanctions and a Lawyer's Failure to Conduct competent Legal, 29 Cap.U.L.Rev.68 (2002)
Marguerite L. Butler, Rule 11-Sanctions and a Lawyer's Failure to Conduct competent Legal, 12 Prof.Lawyer 1 (2002)
excerpt
Marguerite L. Butler, The National Frederick Douglass Moot Court Competition-Operating In the Spirit and Legacy of Frederick Douglass, pending, 25N. C. Cent. L. Rev. 66 (2002)
McCoy, W.J. and Butler, M.L., A Constitutional Basis For Zoning: The Texas Supreme Court. Dubuque, Iowa:Kendall/Hunt; 1988
Jejelowo, O.A., Butler, M.L., Martinez III, R.A.Trey, Hartsell, D.; Viability of Fungal Spores from Books Stored Under Different Environmental Conditions expected publication 1993:Proceedings-96th Annual Meeting, Texas Academy of Science (1993)
Marguerite L. Butler, The History of Texas Southern University, Thurgood Marshall School of Law: "The House That Sweatt Built", 23T. Marshall L. Rev. 45 (1997)

Selected Presentations
Viability of Fungal Spores from Books Stored Under Different Environmental Conditions - Texas Academy of Science, Denton, TX -March 5-6, 1993
Diversity After Hopwood: The Texas Aftermath - Annual Diversity Symposium -American Association of Law Libraries Convention -Anaheim, CA 1996

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