在墨西哥咖啡種植場(chǎng)很普遍的三種食蟲蝙蝠之一的Micronycteris microtus。(圖片來源:Science)
4月4日的《科學(xué)》(Science)雜志報(bào)道說,,在保持熱帶森林中昆蟲數(shù)量處于被控制的狀態(tài)上,,蝙蝠與鳥類所發(fā)揮的重要功能是一樣的。研究人員已經(jīng)有文獻(xiàn)證明,,鳥類在捕食昆蟲活動(dòng)中起著重要的作用,,但是控制昆蟲的某些榮譽(yù)可能應(yīng)該歸功于在夜間攝食的蝙蝠。
Margareta Kalka及其同事對(duì)巴拿馬低地森林地區(qū)進(jìn)行選擇性的網(wǎng)覆,,以達(dá)到在一日里的某些時(shí)間內(nèi)將鳥類及蝙蝠隔離在網(wǎng)覆范圍之外的目的,。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),蝙蝠確實(shí)能夠顯著降低昆蟲的數(shù)量,。在受到網(wǎng)覆保護(hù)的地區(qū)內(nèi),,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)食草活動(dòng)增加了,因?yàn)樵诰W(wǎng)覆保護(hù)下,,由于蝙蝠無法捕食昆蟲,,導(dǎo)致了食草昆蟲的興旺繁衍。Kimberly Williams Guillén及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn),,當(dāng)他們?cè)谀衬鞲缈Х确N植園某些地區(qū)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)覆后也看到了類似的效應(yīng),。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在整個(gè)一年中,蝙蝠在控制昆蟲種群數(shù)量上的作用與鳥類同樣重要,。研究人員表示,,隨著蝙蝠數(shù)量的減少,像咖啡種植這樣的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)可能會(huì)失去蝙蝠在控制昆蟲方面所提供的關(guān)鍵性的“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)”,。(來源:EurekAlert!中文版)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
(Science),,Vol. 320. no. 5872, p. 70,Kimberly Williams-Guillén,,John Vandermeer
Bats Limit Insects in a Neotropical Agroforestry System
Kimberly Williams-Guillén,1* Ivette Perfecto,1 John Vandermeer1,2
Exclosure experiments have demonstrated the effects of bird predation on arthropods. In a Mexican coffee plantation, we excluded foliage-gleaning bird and bat predators from coffee plants. Effects of bats and birds were additive. In the dry season, birds reduced arthropods in coffee plants by 30%; birds and bats together reduced arthropods by 46%. In the wet season, bats reduced arthropods by 84%, whereas birds reduced them by only 58%. We conclude that previous "bird" exclosure experiments may have systematically underestimated the effects of bats.
1 School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.