據(jù)在南極洲發(fā)現(xiàn)生命遺跡的美國(guó)科學(xué)家介紹,苔蘚曾經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)于這片如今貧瘠的大陸谷底,,而昆蟲也將這里作為它們繁衍生息的天堂,。
研究人員報(bào)告稱,南極洲今天是毫無(wú)生氣的不毛之地,,但在1400萬(wàn)年前,,曾是一片苔原,類似于美國(guó)阿拉斯加州,、加拿大和西伯利亞部分地區(qū)的情況,,這片地區(qū)雖然寒冷,但可以支持生命存在,。美國(guó)北達(dá)科他州立大學(xué)地球?qū)W家亞當(dāng)·劉易斯(Adam Lewis)同合作者在對(duì)南極洲冰蓋進(jìn)行研究時(shí),,在谷底意外發(fā)現(xiàn)苔蘚的遺跡。劉易斯在接受電話采訪時(shí)說(shuō):“我們想我們本不應(yīng)該看到此類東西,。”
據(jù)他介紹,,苔蘚基本上呈現(xiàn)冰凍干燥的狀況,同化石不一樣,,礦物質(zhì)會(huì)取代柔軟物質(zhì),,而苔蘚組織仍舊存在于其中:“令人難以置信的是,那里清楚地記錄了所有細(xì)節(jié),,”即便這種植物過(guò)去1400萬(wàn)年一直處于死亡狀態(tài),,“這些本身確實(shí)是植物組織。”劉易斯的最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)刊登在最新一期的美國(guó)《國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》(PNAS)上,。
盡管南極洲海岸附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些苔蘚,,而昆蟲依靠海鳥尸體為生,但這一區(qū)域很大程度上仍是內(nèi)陸,。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了介形亞綱動(dòng)物,、雙翅目小昆蟲,、甲蟲等小型甲殼類動(dòng)物殘骸,以及南部山毛櫸和石竹類植物的遺跡,。研究人員報(bào)告稱:“潮濕的冰河,、冰堰湖、苔原植被,、昆蟲殘骸的存在無(wú)一例外預(yù)示著,,奧林匹斯山脈西部的氣候1400萬(wàn)年前比今天更為溫暖、濕潤(rùn),。”
劉易斯解釋說(shuō),,掌握這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要,因?yàn)檫@將增進(jìn)對(duì)地球氣候體系的了解,。他說(shuō),,過(guò)去5000萬(wàn)年來(lái),地球溫度一直呈現(xiàn)下降水平,,“隨著溫度越來(lái)越低,,它將跨過(guò)道道門檻。當(dāng)南極洲變成永久冰凍帶,,它便成了今天的一幅景象,。”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“你必須了解這些門檻在何處,因?yàn)槿绻祟愡^(guò)于不幸,,推動(dòng)氣候邁過(guò)其中一道門檻,,那么這完全會(huì)是一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
PNAS,,August 5, 2008 vol. 105 no. 31 10676-10680,,Adam R. Lewis, Alexander P. Wolfe
Mid-Miocene cooling and the extinction of tundra in continental Antarctica
Adam R. Lewisa,b,c,d, David R. Marchanta, Allan C. Ashworthc, Lars Hedenäse, Sidney R. Hemmingf, Jesse V. Johnsong, Melanie J. Lengh, Malka L. Machlusf, Angela E. Newtoni, J. Ian Rainej, Jane K. Willenbringk, Mark Williamsl, and Alexander P. Wolfem
Abstract
A major obstacle in understanding the evolution of Cenozoic climate has been the lack of well dated terrestrial evidence from high-latitude, glaciated regions. Here, we report the discovery of exceptionally well preserved fossils of lacustrine and terrestrial organisms from the McMurdo Dry Valleys sector of the Transantarctic Mountains for which we have established a precise radiometric chronology. The fossils, which include diatoms, palynomorphs, mosses, ostracodes, and insects, represent the last vestige of a tundra community that inhabited the mountains before stepped cooling that first brought a full polar climate to Antarctica. Paleoecological analyses, 40Ar/39Ar analyses of associated ash fall, and climate inferences from glaciological modeling together suggest that mean summer temperatures in the region cooled by at least 8°C between 14.07 ± 0.05 Ma and 13.85 ± 0.03 Ma. These results provide novel constraints for the timing and amplitude of middle-Miocene cooling in Antarctica and reveal the ecological legacy of this global climate transition.