據(jù)11月13日的《科學(xué)》雜志報(bào)道說(shuō),海洋中的藍(lán)菌通常被認(rèn)作是能夠完成多種任務(wù)的細(xì)菌,,它通過(guò)光合作用產(chǎn)生了大量的地球上的氧氣,,它能“固定”碳和氮,將這2種元素轉(zhuǎn)化為在生物學(xué)上有用的形式,。
研究人員報(bào)告說(shuō),,一組新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的藍(lán)菌則反其道而行之,它只專注于固氮,,而無(wú)需生產(chǎn)氧氣和固定碳所需的遺傳學(xué)機(jī)器,。這些微生物在海洋中含量豐富,而生物固氮在控制海洋中的生物生產(chǎn)能力及碳通量上非常重要,。因此,,現(xiàn)在可能有必要對(duì)目前的地球上氮?dú)夂吞佳h(huán)的模型進(jìn)行重新評(píng)估。Jonathan Zehr及其同僚分離出了這種所謂的“UCYN-A”藍(lán)菌并分析了該種生物的基因組,。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),這種藍(lán)菌的基因型是從前在非共生藍(lán)菌中所未知的,,它們?cè)诨蛏蠠o(wú)法進(jìn)行產(chǎn)生氧氣的光合作用,。一個(gè)始料未及的情況是,氧氣對(duì)固氮酶(即催化固氮反應(yīng)的酶)實(shí)際上是有毒的,。其它已知固氮藍(lán)菌是多細(xì)胞的生物并演化出了一系列的方略來(lái)避免使其固氮酶被氧氣毒化,。另一方面,UCYN-A是一種單細(xì)胞的生物,,它看來(lái)用只以氮?dú)庾鳛闃?biāo)靶已經(jīng)解決了這一問(wèn)題,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science 14 November 2008: 1110-1112.
Globally Distributed Uncultivated Oceanic N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria Lack Oxygenic Photosystem II
Jonathan P. Zehr, Shellie R. Bench, Brandon J. Carter, Ian Hewson, Faheem Niazi, Tuo Shi, H. James Tripp, and Jason P. Affourtit
Biological nitrogen (N2) fixation is important in controlling biological productivity and carbon flux in the oceans. Unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacteria have only recently been discovered and are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical seas. Metagenomic analysis of flow cytometry–sorted cells shows that unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacteria in "group A" (UCYN-A) lack genes for the oxygen-evolving photosystem II and for carbon fixation, which has implications for oceanic carbon and nitrogen cycling and raises questions regarding the evolution of photosynthesisand N2 fixation on Earth.