圖片說明:通過從近親獲得DNA,,野草千里光進化出了更加艷麗的頭狀花序(右)。
(圖片來源:John Innes Centre)
英、美及西班牙科學家近日確定了一種關鍵的基因,它從生長在意大利西西里的植物轉(zhuǎn)入到了生長在英國的“近親”。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明,,種間的遺傳交談(cross-talk)能對進化起重要作用。相關論文發(fā)表在11月14日的《科學》(Science)雜志上,。
這種開黃花的意大利植物名為Senecio squalidus,,它是英國常見野草千里光(Groundsel)的近親,300年前被植物學家引入英國,。
英國John Innes中心和圣·安德魯斯大學的科學家利用遺傳探測技術(shù),,在千里光中追蹤到了一小段特殊的DNA序列,來自其意大利的近親,。這段DNA修改了花朵,,使得這種植物更加吸引傳粉者。這一結(jié)果說明,,自然的遺傳交換能在種間轉(zhuǎn)移重要的特征,,就像一種語言的某些單詞能被另一種語言吸收利用。
這打破了認為進化是單行線的典型觀點,,該觀點認為,,每一物種均作為分離的、獨立的遺傳世系進化,。而實際上,,近親種間的雜交可能會形成進化“交談”,交換并保存有價值的基因,,從而在進化時具有更好的適應性和更大的多樣性潛能,。
美國喬治亞大學的進化生物學家Michael Arnold表示,,這一研究闡明了“進化更像是生命之網(wǎng),,而不是生命之樹”,因為基因能在分枝間流動,。之前曾在細菌中觀察到這種基因流動,,“但是這次的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能是目前為止真核細胞中最好的例子,確定了起作用的基因是什么,,”Arnold說,,“這是一個非常非常關鍵的發(fā)現(xiàn)。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science,,Vol. 322. no. 5904, pp. 1116 – 1119,,Minsung Kim,,Enrico Coen
Regulatory Genes Control a Key Morphological and Ecological Trait Transferred Between Species
Minsung Kim,1,3* Min-Long Cui,1* Pilar Cubas,1,4* Amanda Gillies,2 Karen Lee,1 Mark A. Chapman,2,5 Richard J. Abbott,2 Enrico Coen1
Hybridization between species can lead to introgression of genes from one species to another, providing a potential mechanism for preserving and recombining key traits during evolution. To determine the molecular basis of such transfers, we analyzed a natural polymorphism for flower-head development in Senecio. We show that the polymorphism arose by introgression of a cluster of regulatory genes, the RAY locus, from the diploid species S. squalidus into the tetraploid S. vulgaris. The RAY genes are expressed in the peripheral regions of the inflorescence meristem, where they promote flower asymmetry and lead to an increase in the rate of outcrossing. Our results highlight how key morphological and ecological traits controlled by regulatory genes may be gained, lost, and regained during evolution.
1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
2 School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.
3 Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
4 Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
5 Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.