1939年生物學(xué)家首次在深海發(fā)現(xiàn)一種外形奇特的“管眼魚”,它長著透明的腦袋和管狀眼睛,。由于眼睛呈管狀,,此前科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這種魚的視力相對狹隘。但最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,這種魚的視力并不受到局限,。
管眼魚這種特殊的眼睛結(jié)構(gòu)非常有利于收集光線,適應(yīng)于太陽光無法射入的漆黑深海環(huán)境,。它們使用自己超敏感的管狀眼睛搜尋模糊輪廓的獵物,。科學(xué)家曾認(rèn)為這種眼睛結(jié)構(gòu)是固定向上凝視的,,然而這樣它們將錯過正面迎來的獵物,,因?yàn)橛盟鼈冃《獾淖旌茈y捕捉到獵物。
美國加利福尼亞州蒙特利灣水族研究所的布魯斯·羅畢遜(Bruce Robison)和基姆·賴森比徹勒(Kim Reisenbichler)使用該研究所的有纜水下機(jī)器人(ROVs)研究管眼魚的生活特征,。在加州海灣2000-2600英尺深處,,有纜水下機(jī)器人的照相機(jī)拍攝到管眼魚在水中懸浮靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),在水下機(jī)器人明亮光線的照射下,,管眼魚的眼睛釋放出生動的綠色,。這段視頻揭示了管眼魚之前未曾被描述的顯著特征——它的眼睛周圍是充滿液體的透明頭部外殼,這一區(qū)域位于這種魚頭部頂端,。然而更吸引人的是,,當(dāng)它從深海中用漁網(wǎng)捕撈后,其頭部并不呈現(xiàn)透明充滿液體,或許是它在漁網(wǎng)中掙扎時透明的頭部易于損傷,。
羅畢遜和賴森比徹勒非常幸運(yùn)地將一條用漁網(wǎng)捕撈的管眼魚打撈起來,,這條魚在船上的水池中仍活著,它的身體也從一開始的水平漂浮恢復(fù)至垂直狀態(tài),。管眼魚體長只有幾英寸,,它的食物來源可能主要是小魚和水母。它眼睛中的綠色素能過濾射入水面的太陽光,,幫助它能夠探測到深海中發(fā)冷光的水母,,或者直接位于其頭部以上位置的獵物。當(dāng)它們發(fā)現(xiàn)獵物之后,,管眼魚將向上旋轉(zhuǎn)它們的眼睛,,并朝向獵物游去進(jìn)入獵食狀態(tài)。
目前,,這項研究發(fā)表在近期出版的Copeia雜志上,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Copeia Volume 2008, Issue 4 (December 2008) DOI: 10.1643/CG-07-082
Macropinna microstoma and the Paradox of Its Tubular Eyes
Bruce H. Robison1 and Kim R. Reisenbichler1
The opisthoproctid fish Macropinna microstoma occupies lower mesopelagic depths in Monterey Bay and elsewhere in the subarctic and temperate North Pacific. Like several other species in the family, Macropinna has upward-directed tubular eyes and a tiny, terminal mouth. This arrangement is such that in their upright position, the visual field of these highly specialized eyes does not include the mouth, which makes it difficult to understand how feeding takes place. In situ observations and laboratory studies reveal that the eyes of Macropinna can change position from dorsally-directed to rostrally-directed, which resolves the apparent paradox. The eyes are contained within a transparent shield that covers the top of the head and may provide protection for the eyes from the tentacles of cnidarians, one of the apparent sources of the food of Macropinna.
1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California