近日,,中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明動(dòng)物研究所哺乳動(dòng)物生態(tài)與進(jìn)化學(xué)科組研究員蔣學(xué)龍、王應(yīng)祥及博士研究生周昭敏和墨西哥生態(tài)研究所,、加拿大安大略皇家博物館等的研究人員,共同確定了楔鞍菊頭蝠為翼手目(蝙蝠)菊頭蝠科一新種。該成果已發(fā)表在今年2月出版的《哺乳動(dòng)物學(xué)雜志》(Journal of Mammalogy)上,。
據(jù)悉,菊頭蝠是舊大陸的物種,,分布于歐洲,、亞洲、非洲和大洋洲,,為單型科,,現(xiàn)有79種,已有的形態(tài)分類系統(tǒng)將其分為15個(gè)種組,。已有證據(jù)表明,,菊頭蝠起源于3700萬(wàn)年前的始新世中晚期,在1500萬(wàn)年前的早中新世晚期開始快速分化?,F(xiàn)生的菊頭蝠中,,除了早期分化出的水菊頭蝠支系(5種)和葉鼻菊頭蝠支系(1種),其余物種分屬于非洲—古北和亞洲兩大支系,。其中,,東非菊頭蝠種組的種類主要在非洲分布,其鼻葉形態(tài)與楔鞍菊頭蝠相似,,即有尖的角狀聯(lián)接葉和楔形鞍狀葉,,但體型明顯較小,而同域分布的其他體型較大的菊頭蝠都具圓鈍的聯(lián)接葉,。因此,,他們確定楔鞍菊頭蝠為一新種。
本次發(fā)表的楔鞍菊頭蝠標(biāo)本共有5號(hào)(3雄2雌),,其中3號(hào)于1963年采自中國(guó)貴州省金沙縣,,一號(hào)于2005年采自云南省永德縣烏木龍鎮(zhèn),另一號(hào)于2006年采自中國(guó)貴州省綏陽(yáng)縣,。該新種是一種形態(tài)獨(dú)特的大體型菊頭蝠,,在以上3個(gè)受人為顯著影響和被農(nóng)田破碎化的林地生境中,45年間僅采集到了5號(hào)楔鞍菊頭蝠標(biāo)本,,其保護(hù)地位值得人們關(guān)注,??紤]到中國(guó)各哺乳動(dòng)物標(biāo)本館中館藏有過去50年中采自云南、貴州,、四川和廣西多山地帶的約1200號(hào)標(biāo)本,,以及這些省份的菊頭蝠標(biāo)本記錄相對(duì)于中國(guó)其他地區(qū)更為豐富,該新種可能是僅限于在云南和貴州山地分布的珍稀種類,。但是,,青藏高原的一些周邊地區(qū),如緬甸北部,、印度阿薩姆邦和四川西部,,并沒有作過詳盡的蝙蝠調(diào)查,該新種也有可能分布于更廣泛的區(qū)域,。為了評(píng)價(jià)其是否應(yīng)列入IUCN瀕危物種紅色名錄,,還需要調(diào)查其地理分布和種群大小,以確定可能的保護(hù)策略和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),。
研究人員通過形態(tài)學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)的綜合比較證實(shí),,楔鞍菊頭蝠與非洲—古北支系有更緊密的親緣關(guān)系。該新種是迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)的除了馬鐵菊頭蝠外第二個(gè)在亞洲有分布,,但在系統(tǒng)發(fā)育上隸屬于非洲—古北支系的物種,。它的發(fā)現(xiàn)豐富了人類對(duì)整個(gè)印度馬來地區(qū)菊頭蝠物種多樣性的認(rèn)識(shí),揭示了1000萬(wàn)年前的晚中新世氣候變暖使當(dāng)時(shí)的撒哈拉,、中東和印度次大陸北部地區(qū)比現(xiàn)今更適宜菊頭蝠生活,,并為菊頭蝠在埃塞俄比亞界和古北界東西部間擴(kuò)散提供了適宜條件。
楔鞍菊頭蝠的發(fā)現(xiàn),,為人們了解菊頭蝠非洲—古北支系的生物地理演化歷史以及古代哺乳動(dòng)物在非洲和亞洲東部間的遷移擴(kuò)散情況提供了新的線索,。今后,需要通過更長(zhǎng)的線粒體序列和進(jìn)化更慢的核基因序列來證實(shí)非洲—古北支系內(nèi)部的分化過程和各物種的親緣關(guān)系,,并推測(cè)各分化事件的年代順序和相應(yīng)的生物地理假說,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Journal of Mammalogy,Volume 90, Issue 1,,pp. 57–73,,Zhao-Min Zhou,Xue-Long Jiang
A New Species from Southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic Lineage of the Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus)
Zhao-Min Zhou1, 2, Antonio Guillén-Servent3, Burton K. Lim4, Judith L. Eger4, Ying-Xiang Wang1, and Xue-Long Jiang1
1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China (Z-MZ, Y-XW, X-LJ), 2. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China (Z-MZ), 3. Instituto de Ecología A.C., Km 2.5 Carretera Antigua a Coatepec #351, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, México (AG-S), 4. Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada (BKL, JLE)
A new species of horseshoe bat (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) is described from southwestern China. The presence of a wedge-shaped sella and pointed connecting process of the nose leaf aligns the new species to the landeri group in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of Rhinolophus. However, the new species is distinctly separable from these allopatrically distributed species by its noticeably larger body size. Other sympatric large-sized species of Rhinolophus have rounded connecting processes. Molecular systematic analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome-b sequences confirmed the affinity of the new species to the Afro-Palearctic lineage, but in a clade most closely related to the ferrumequinum, fumigatus, and maclaudi groups. Of these species, only R. ferrumequinum ranges into Asia and overlaps in distribution with the new species. R. ferrumequinum is similar in general body size and external appearance; however, the new species is distinct in the characteristics of the nose leaf, skull, and baculum. The presence of a new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage indicates a more complex historical biogeographic scenario within Rhinolophus than previously known. The difficulties found in allocating the new species to one of the phenetically described traditional species groups stress the convenience of using a phylogenetically based systematic organization of the genus Rhinolophus.