據(jù)6月12日的《科學(xué)》雜志報道說,,植物和飛行動物已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了在飛行中得到提升的相同的空氣動力學(xué)訣竅,。 現(xiàn)在,,春季已經(jīng)降臨北半球,,像楓樹這樣的樹木正在向空中釋放出成群的“直升飛機”樣的種子,,這些種子在它們著陸之前會發(fā)生旋轉(zhuǎn),。 如果在這些種子下落的過程中正好有風(fēng)吹過,則風(fēng)可以將這些種子攜至遠(yuǎn)距離之處,,提高了這些種子找到一個在未被其它樹木占據(jù)的土地上生長的機會,。
David Lentink及其同僚現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn),由于在這些種子的紙樣翼翅之上出現(xiàn)了空氣的盤旋,,這些直升飛機樣的種子可爭取到更多的在空中飛行的時間,。 正如最近的研究顯示,這種被稱作“前緣渦流”的盤旋空氣對飛行中的昆蟲,、蝙蝠,、可能還有鳥都起著同樣的作用。 Lentink及其同僚首先制造了一個在一個礦物油罐中由一個機器人臂所控制的種子模型,,并測試了當(dāng)該模型種子下落的時候在油中所產(chǎn)生的渦流,。 接著,,他們拍攝了真的楓樹種子在一個充滿煙的風(fēng)洞中的旋轉(zhuǎn)情況。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,這些種子所產(chǎn)生的渦流與那些昆蟲,、蝙蝠和蜂鳥在撲翼時所產(chǎn)生的渦流有著相似的結(jié)構(gòu)。 文章的作者提示,,他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會給新的諸如降落傘或直升飛機等旋轉(zhuǎn)式交通工具的設(shè)計帶來靈感,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science 12 June 2009:DOI: 10.1126/science.1174196
Leading-Edge Vortices Elevate Lift of Autorotating Plant Seeds
D. Lentink,1,* W. B. Dickson,2 J. L. van Leeuwen,1 M. H. Dickinson2
As they descend, the autorotating seeds of maples and some other trees generate unexpectedly high lift, but how they attain this elevated performance is unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible, we measured the three-dimensional flow around dynamically scaled models of maple and hornbeam seeds. Our results indicate that these seeds attain high lift by generating a stable leading-edge vortex (LEV) as they descend. The compact LEV, which we verified on real specimens, allows maple seeds to remain in the air more effectively than do a variety of nonautorotating seeds. LEVs also explain the high lift generated by hovering insects, bats, and possibly birds, suggesting that the use of LEVs represents a convergent aerodynamic solution in the evolution of flight performance in both animals and plants.
1 Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, 6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands.
2 Bioengineering and Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.