據(jù)6月12日的《科學(xué)》雜志報(bào)道說,，一項(xiàng)對(duì)巴西亞馬遜雨林周圍近300個(gè)城市的研究顯示，毀林造地（即：將森林轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檗r(nóng)田和養(yǎng)牛牧場）通常會(huì)在開始的時(shí)候帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)的榮景,，但接著則會(huì)發(fā)生衰敗,，這表明存在著一種對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駚碚f的“榮盛 – 衰敗”的模式。 該地區(qū)是巴西最窮困和最不發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)之一,，許多背景極為不同的人群遷徙到那里尋找新的工作和機(jī)會(huì),。 但是,，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，總的來說,，清除了森林的城市中人的境遇并不比那些沒有清除森林的城市中人要更好,。
Ana Rodrigues及其同僚應(yīng)用由聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計(jì)劃所制定的Human Development Index（這是將預(yù)期壽命、文化水平以及生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行綜合平均后所計(jì)算出的指數(shù)）來評(píng)估整個(gè)巴西亞馬遜地帶的286個(gè)城市社區(qū)的福利情況,，這些城市社區(qū)中的每一個(gè)都處在不同的毀林造地階段,。 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些城市社區(qū)的相對(duì)福利狀況在毀林開始的時(shí)候會(huì)有所增加,，但隨著毀林前沿的推進(jìn),，他們的福利情況會(huì)衰減，因而,，其毀林前后的福利水平之低實(shí)際上是相似的,。 由于巴西的亞馬遜地帶有著地球上仍然存在的熱帶雨林中的40%，因此該雨林對(duì)全球的生物多元性保存,、氣候調(diào)節(jié)和生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)起著至關(guān)重要的作用,。 研究人員提出，針對(duì)創(chuàng)造更能持續(xù)性發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)而制定的新的財(cái)政刺激方案和政策將會(huì)給所有各方帶來更大的裨益,，而這些政策不應(yīng)該是基于對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和自然資源的耗竭的基礎(chǔ)之上,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science 12 June 2009:DOI: 10.1126/science.1174002
Boom-and-Bust Development Patterns Across the Amazon Deforestation Frontier
Ana S. L. Rodrigues,1,2,3,* Robert M. Ewers,4 Luke Parry,5 Carlos Souza, Jr.,6 Adalberto Veríssimo,6 Andrew Balmford1
The Brazilian Amazon is globally important for biodiversity, climate, and geochemical cycles, but is also among the least developed regions in Brazil. Economic development is often pursued through forest conversion for cattle ranching and agriculture, mediated by logging. However, on the basis of an assessment of 286 municipalities in different stages of deforestation, we found a boom-and-bust pattern in levels of human development across the deforestation frontier. Relative standards of living, literacy, and life expectancy increase as deforestation begins but then decline as the frontier evolves, so that pre- and postfrontier levels of human development are similarly low. New financial incentives and policies are creating opportunities for a more sustained development trajectory that is not based on the depletion of nature and ecosystem services.
1 Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
2 IN+, Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Environment and Energy Section, Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal.
3 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR5175, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.
4 Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.
5 School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
6 IMAZON–Amazon Institute of People and the Environment, Belém, PA, Brazil.
