據(jù)18月11日的《科學(xué)》雜志報道說,,在莫桑比克某一洞穴中的有10萬年之久的石制工具上所發(fā)現(xiàn)的高粱殘渣意味著,,在先前以為的早期人類還在依賴較容易獲取的水果和堅果以生存的時候,人類已經(jīng)在加工谷物了。非洲有著比其它大陸更多的本地谷物。現(xiàn)在的非洲人仍然食用數(shù)十種的野生谷物作為其淀粉的來源。高粱如今仍然是撒哈拉以南的非洲人所食用的主要谷物,。那里的人將高粱的胚乳進行壓榨處理以獲取粗制的粉末,并將其新鮮或發(fā)酵的形式來制備粥品,、烘烤食品及酒精飲料,。人們一直不清楚的是,早期人類是在什么時候開始依賴于谷物的種子作為其食物的,,盡管研究人員一般假設(shè),,這種情況發(fā)生在相當晚期的更新世(更新世持續(xù)了180萬年,直到1萬1000年前),,因為那時現(xiàn)代人的行為開始出現(xiàn),。
Julio Mercader及其同僚在莫桑比克西北地區(qū)的Ngalue, Niassa的洞穴遺址內(nèi)深處的一個封閉空間中的石制工具上發(fā)現(xiàn)了豐富的殘剩淀粉,其年代大約距今有10萬年,。Mercader寫道:這些殘剩物可能來自野生高粱,,從而意味著該遺址中的居民曾經(jīng)食用這種谷物。這與人們一般假設(shè)的認為采集種子并非南部非洲的更新世采食者的一種重要的生活行為的情況相左,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science 18 December 2009:DOI: 10.1126/science.1173966
Mozambican Grass Seed Consumption During the Middle Stone Age
Julio Mercader
The role of starchy plants in early hominin diets and when the culinary processing of starches began have been difficult to track archaeologically. Seed collecting is conventionally perceived to have been an irrelevant activity among the Pleistocene foragers of southern Africa, on the grounds of both technological difficulty in the processing of grains and the belief that roots, fruits, and nuts, not cereals, were the basis for subsistence for the past 100,000 years and further back in time. A large assemblage of starch granules has been retrieved from the surfaces of Middle Stone Age stone tools from Mozambique, showing that early Homo sapiens relied on grass seeds starting at least 105,000 years ago, including those of sorghum grasses.
Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.