由于擁有極高的生物多樣性以及大量的瀕危物種,，山區(qū)多為世界生物多樣性保護(hù)熱點(diǎn)地區(qū),，山地生物多樣性保護(hù)在全球生物多樣性保護(hù)中具有極其重要的地位,。在保護(hù)國(guó)際（Conservation International）認(rèn)定的34個(gè)世界生物多樣性保護(hù)熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)中,，亞洲有10個(gè),，其中的4個(gè)完全為山區(qū),，其它6個(gè)熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)中山區(qū)也占有極大比重,。山地生物多樣性保護(hù)在我國(guó)生物多樣性保護(hù)中具有極其重要的地位,。在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的國(guó)際多樣性熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)大多都分布在山區(qū)。而生物多樣性在山區(qū)空間和時(shí)間上的分布格局是設(shè)計(jì)山區(qū)保護(hù)區(qū)的基礎(chǔ),。但相關(guān)的定量研究在亞洲范圍內(nèi)相對(duì)缺乏,。
在系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化與生物地理學(xué)研究組楊君興研究員和楊曉君研究員指導(dǎo)下,，吳飛博士通過(guò)對(duì)云南中部哀牢山鳥類空間和時(shí)間分布規(guī)律的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：盡管研究區(qū)域并不是很大，但鳥類組成的空間異質(zhì)性極高,，鳥類組成沿海拔梯度的變化最快,，坡向次之；低海拔地區(qū)鳥類組成的空間異質(zhì)性要比高海拔地區(qū)高,。這些結(jié)果表明設(shè)計(jì)山區(qū)保護(hù)區(qū)時(shí),，不能僅僅保護(hù)位于山頂部的成熟林，還要考慮到保護(hù)不同海拔帶以及坡向的植被,?？紤]到地海拔帶鳥類組成的空間異質(zhì)性要比高海拔地區(qū)高，低海拔帶的保護(hù)區(qū)面積應(yīng)當(dāng)比高海拔帶保護(hù)區(qū)面積大,。另外,，本項(xiàng)研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)：與之前一些大尺度上的研究結(jié)果相反，盡管哀牢山西坡海拔跨度只有東坡的4/5,，但西坡物種多樣性要比東坡明顯要高,，這一結(jié)果暗示在設(shè)計(jì)地區(qū)性山區(qū)保護(hù)區(qū)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，地區(qū)性的研究是極為必要的,。
該研究成果已在生物多樣性保護(hù)刊物Diversity and Distributions上發(fā)表,。審稿人認(rèn)為在亞洲，山區(qū)生物多樣性時(shí)間和空間分布規(guī)律的研究極少,，本項(xiàng)研究對(duì)于亞洲山地生物多樣性保護(hù)以及山地保護(hù)區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)具有重要意義,。（生 物 谷Bioon.com）
生 物 谷推薦英文摘要
Diversity and Distributions DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00710.x
Additive diversity partitioning as a guide to regional montane reserve design in Asia: an example from Yunnan Province, China
Fei Wu1,2, Xiao Jun Yang1,*, Jun Xing Yang1,*
Aim Data on spatial and temporal turnover in species composition within a region is essential to design regional protected areas. Montane systems are often recognized as biodiversity hotspots. The primary objective of this study is to identify patterns of montane bird diversity across multiple spatial and temporal scales using an additive diversity partitioning framework.
Location The Ailao Mountains, central Yunnan Province, China.
Methods We used point counts to sample bird communities in four elevational zones, on eastern and western slopes, during both the breeding and the non-breeding seasons. Diversity (richness and Shannon) was partitioned across space (points, elevational zones and slopes) and time (seasons). We used permutation tests to compare observed values to values expected by random chance. A complementary cluster analysis was also used to evaluate beta diversity.
Results Overall, the gamma diversity was attributed to significantly higher beta diversity (relative to that of randomization tests) among elevational zones and, to a lesser extent, between slopes. For Shannon–Wiener Index, beta diversity between seasons was significantly higher than expected and had a similar contribution to the gamma diversity as with beta diversity between slopes. Hierarchical cluster analysis supported the findings for Shannon–Wiener Index. The contribution of beta diversity among points to gamma diversity within each elevational zone generally lessened with increasing elevation.
Main conclusions Our results show significantly high levels of beta diversity among elevational zones and between slopes, as well as between seasons for Shannon diversity, in a small area of the Ailao Mountain range. Thus, a regional montane reserve system should cover the entire elevational gradient and multiple slopes, rather than only the montane crest. Furthermore, higher pattern diversity in lower elevational zones suggests that larger areas should be preserved at lower elevational zones. Finally, the design of regional reserve systems require more studies conducted at multiple seasons at a regional scale.
